Monohybrid ratio i. e. 3 : 1
The phenotypic ratio expected from a monohybrid cross between heterozygotes is 3:1 (assuming complete dominance), with the genotypic ratio being 1:2:1. So, using tall = T, short = t and R = red, r = white as an example. A monohybrid cross of Tt X Tt would be expected to produce 3 tall plants and 1 short plant (phenotypic ratio 3:1), which would be 1 TT, 2 Tt and 1 tt (genotypic ratio 1:2:1). A dihybrid cross of heterozygotes is expected to produce a phenotypic ratio of 9:3:3:1. So the cross of TtRr X TtRr would be epected to have: 9 tall red, 3 tall white, 3 short red and 1 short white (phenotypic ratio) This is because each parent has 4 possible combinations of gametes (TR, Tr, tR and tr). There are therefore 16 combinations of gametes, providing a 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio. Both of these are probably best visualised using a punnett square (see link below).
When two pink four o'clock flowers, which typically exhibit incomplete dominance, are crossed (RW x RW), the predicted genotypic ratio for the offspring is 1 RR (red) : 2 RW (pink) : 1 WW (white). This results in a phenotypic ratio of 1 red : 2 pink : 1 white.
If purple (P) is dominant over white (p), and assuming a typical Mendelian inheritance pattern, the expected phenotypic ratio from a cross of two heterozygous purple plants (Pp x Pp) would be 3 purple : 1 white. This means that approximately 75% of the offspring would display the purple phenotype, while about 25% would show the white phenotype. If one parent is homozygous purple (PP) and the other is white (pp), all offspring would be purple (Pp).
The resulting offspring from this cross will have a phenotypic ratio of 3 red-eyed : 1 white-eyed. This is based on the typical 3:1 phenotypic ratio observed when two heterozygous individuals are crossed for a single gene trait like eye color in fruit flies.
In this scenario, the red flower (R) is dominant, while the white flower (r) is recessive. The pink flower (Rr) is a result of incomplete dominance. When crossing a pink flower (Rr) with a white flower (rr), the possible offspring genotypes are Rr (pink) and rr (white). The Punnett square for this cross would look like this: R | r ---------------- r | Rr | rr ---------------- r | Rr | rr The phenotypic ratio would be 50% pink and 50% white flowers.
A pretty bow
1 Red : 2 Pink : 1 White
The phenotypic ratio expected from a monohybrid cross between heterozygotes is 3:1 (assuming complete dominance), with the genotypic ratio being 1:2:1. So, using tall = T, short = t and R = red, r = white as an example. A monohybrid cross of Tt X Tt would be expected to produce 3 tall plants and 1 short plant (phenotypic ratio 3:1), which would be 1 TT, 2 Tt and 1 tt (genotypic ratio 1:2:1). A dihybrid cross of heterozygotes is expected to produce a phenotypic ratio of 9:3:3:1. So the cross of TtRr X TtRr would be epected to have: 9 tall red, 3 tall white, 3 short red and 1 short white (phenotypic ratio) This is because each parent has 4 possible combinations of gametes (TR, Tr, tR and tr). There are therefore 16 combinations of gametes, providing a 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio. Both of these are probably best visualised using a punnett square (see link below).
You would get offspring that are heterozygous for the black gene, resulting in a black coat color since black is dominant over white. The genotype of the offspring would be Bb.
If you crossed a black hen/roo with a white hen/roo, the offspring would NOT be blue. If he was recessive white, the chicks would be black. If he was dominant white, the chicks would be white with some black "smudges" or "spots". The only way to produce 100% blue chicks is to cross a black roo over splash hens or a splash rooster over black hens.
The offspring produced is dependent on chances. We can figure out the chances of the kind of offspring such a cross will get by using a Punnett square. Unfortunately the WYSIWYG format on this site will not allow for such a square, so we will give the ratio, the genotypic and phenotypic percentages that such a cross will receive. Let R = red, W = white and RW = roan. Roan cow (RW) x White bull (WW) Offspring: 2 RW : 2 WW Genotypic ratio: 50% roan and 50% white Phenotypic ratio: Same as above. Thus, the offspring of a roan cow crossed with a white bull (presumably of the same breed, being Shorthorn), may come out as white or roan. There is a 50% chance that either will occur.
When two pink four o'clock flowers, which typically exhibit incomplete dominance, are crossed (RW x RW), the predicted genotypic ratio for the offspring is 1 RR (red) : 2 RW (pink) : 1 WW (white). This results in a phenotypic ratio of 1 red : 2 pink : 1 white.
If purple (P) is dominant over white (p), and assuming a typical Mendelian inheritance pattern, the expected phenotypic ratio from a cross of two heterozygous purple plants (Pp x Pp) would be 3 purple : 1 white. This means that approximately 75% of the offspring would display the purple phenotype, while about 25% would show the white phenotype. If one parent is homozygous purple (PP) and the other is white (pp), all offspring would be purple (Pp).
The genotype is the actual code for a trait. Hidden on the chromosome we can never actually see the alleles controlling the trait unless we sequence the DNA. The phenotype is the result of at least two alleles expressing a visible or measurable trait in an individual. A genotype to phenotype ratio is the correspondence between the unseen code of the individual's alleles and the detectable quality of the individual's trait. This ratio relates the proportional quantities of unseen and seen, a comparison between the encoded trait and the expressed result of the code.
The resulting offspring from this cross will have a phenotypic ratio of 3 red-eyed : 1 white-eyed. This is based on the typical 3:1 phenotypic ratio observed when two heterozygous individuals are crossed for a single gene trait like eye color in fruit flies.
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The F2 generation would have a mix of genotypes for feather color, depending on the genetic makeup of the F1 birds. Assuming the blue feathered bird is homozygous dominant (BB) and the white feathered bird is homozygous recessive (bb), the F1 generation would be heterozygous (Bb). In the F2 generation, there would be a phenotypic ratio of 3:1 for blue to white feathers and a genotypic ratio of 1:2:1 for BB:Bb:bb.