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Changing a base pair on a human chromosome (or any organism's chromosome) can range from no effect to catastrophic. The changing of a base pair -- a mutation -- can either result in a nonsense mutation, a missense mutation, or a silent mutation.
A nonsense mutation changes a codon upstream of the normal stop codon into a stop codon, resulting in a truncated protein. Such proteins are non-functional and usually result in a non-viable offspring although some can survive (with serious genetic disorders).
A missense mutation is just like a nonsense mutation, except the codon isn't changed into a stop codon and the protein does not terminate early. The only difference between the normal protein and the affected protein is that the affected protein will have one amino acid along the polypeptide chain that is different. The affects of such a change can change the shape of the protein entirely, seen with sickle-cell anemia.
A silent mutation has no effect on the protein produced. There are only 20 amino acids, but 43 variations of four bases arranged three at a time (in other words, there are 64 different codons possible). Accordingly, more than one codon can code for the same amino acid. For example, both UAU and UAC code for the amino acid tyrosine. Imagine a point mutation replaced the U in UAU with a C making it UAC. Either way, the amino acid that will be used will be tyrosine, in no way changing the structure of the protein. For that reason, these mutations are "silent" or having no effect.
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What are the three common base-pair substitutions?
The three common base-pair substitutions are: Transition: a purine is replaced with another purine or a pyrimidine is replaced with another pyrimidine. Transversion: a purine is replaced with a pyrimidine or vice versa. Silent mutation: a base-pair substitution that does not result in a change to the amino acid sequence due to the degeneracy of the genetic code.
How many DNA letters code for one amino acids What is this sequence of letters called?
3 base pairs (3 letters) code for 1 aminoacid and this 3 base pair sequence is called a codon.
Which pair of nucleotides would pair with the dna segment ttacgc?
The DNA sequence that would pair with the DNA segment TTACGC is AATGCG. The mRNA sequence that would pair with the DNA segment TTACGC is AAUGCG.
The mismatch of a DNA base pair during duplication can result in a mutation?
Yes, when a DNA base pair is mismatched during duplication, it can lead to a mutation in the DNA sequence. This can cause changes in the protein produced, potentially impacting the function of the gene and, ultimately, the organism.
A gene has a sequence that starts with tag cat ggc at what would the mrna base sequence formed during transciption uusing DNA dequenec?
TAG CAT and GGC would pair with UTC GTU and TTG.
A random change in the base sequence of DNA resulting in the production of a defective protein is called?
A random change in the base sequence of DNA resulting in the production of a defective protein is called a mutation. Mutations can lead to changes in the amino acid sequence of a protein, affecting its structure and function.
How does a base pair mutation impact the genetic code of an organism?
A base pair mutation can change the genetic code of an organism by altering the sequence of DNA. This can lead to the production of a different protein or no protein at all, affecting the organism's traits and potentially causing genetic disorders.
What are the three common base-pair substitutions?
The three common base-pair substitutions are: Transition: a purine is replaced with another purine or a pyrimidine is replaced with another pyrimidine. Transversion: a purine is replaced with a pyrimidine or vice versa. Silent mutation: a base-pair substitution that does not result in a change to the amino acid sequence due to the degeneracy of the genetic code.
What is the relationship between a base pair and the corresponding amino acid in the process of protein synthesis?
During protein synthesis, a base pair in DNA codes for a specific amino acid. This relationship is crucial because the sequence of base pairs determines the sequence of amino acids in a protein, ultimately influencing its structure and function.
What is a sequence of numbers that have a constant rate of change between each pair of consecutive numbers?
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How many DNA letters code for one amino acids What is this sequence of letters called?
3 base pairs (3 letters) code for 1 aminoacid and this 3 base pair sequence is called a codon.
A nucleid acid changes from ATTCGG to ATCGG WHAT OCCURED?
A substitution mutation occurred in the nucleic acid sequence, where the base pair T was replaced with C at the second position. This type of mutation is known as a point mutation, specifically a transition. It resulted in a change from ATTCGG to ATCGG in the sequence.
What is AAT in mRNA codon?
AAT in mRNA codon represents the sequence adenine-adenine-thymine, which codes for the amino acid asparagine in protein synthesis. This codon is recognized by the corresponding tRNA molecule carrying asparagine during translation in the ribosome.
How does a change in a nitrogen base alter the formation of a resulting protein?
EASY, one tiny little change in the sequence of a strand of nucleotides making up the DNA could turn normal functioning cells to the sickle cell disease. It is very important that the processes during transcription and translation go smoothly, or something bad could go wrong when a baby is born or something like that. It doesn't take a lot to mess up.
What would be the base sequence for the complementary DNA formed from CGT TA?
The base sequence for the complementary DNA would be GCA AT. Since DNA strands are complementary, the bases pair as follows: A with T, T with A, C with G, and G with C.
Why is it so important that the order of base pairs stays the same?
The sequence of the nitrogen bases determines the sequence of the amino acids in a protein. The sequence of the amino acids in a protein determines the structure and function of the protein. If there is a change in the order of nitrogen bases, the sequence of amino acids may be altered, and the protein may not be functional, causing a genetic disorder.
How does a base pair substitution affect the genetic code?
A base pair substitution in the genetic code can change a single nucleotide in the DNA sequence, potentially leading to a different amino acid being incorporated into a protein during translation. This can result in a different protein being produced, which may affect the function of the gene and potentially lead to genetic disorders or changes in an organism's traits.
