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From the book APOSTOLIC HISTORY OUTLINE by Marvin M. Arnold, D.D., Th.D.

AD 707-741. Emperor Leo III ruled. The Byzantine Emperors (Eastern catholic) brought widespread terror. In Italy, image worship was a fact. (Bernstein & Green, page 149)

AD 707. Muslim armies besieged Constantinople. Muslim killed catholic; catholic killed Muslim. Rome's religion was mocked. Muslims called it idol worship and royalism. The term Political popes was heard. (H. Trevor-Roper, page 84; S.P. Wachs, Judaism, page 19)

AD 726. Byzantine Emperor Leo III forbad image worship. A big fight started. Western Catholicism wanted images. Icons were and are images. Iconoclasts (critics, dissenters) broke up images. Iconolatry remained, and in 787 the Nicaean Council approved of images, crosses, beads, relics. (Bernstein & Green, page 156; O.W. Heick, page 235)

AD 867. One pope anathematized another; there were popes and anti-popes. Western catholics of Rome fought Byzantine catholics. The Vatican, in time, dominated.

There were Byzantine political and theological woes. (Langer, page 248) Monophysites of Syria were butchered by Rome's party but many fled into Muslim territories for protection.

AD 1124. There were 2 popes at once, and they were Honorius I and Celestine I. Pope fought pope. (William Langer, page 215; See D.A. Yallop In God's Name, Bantom, New York 1984) Rome's catholic party tried to commit genocide against Byzantine catholics!

AD 1202 - 1204. The fourth crusade. Rome's crusaders took Constantinople and Western catholics were massacred by Byzantine catholics. (Bernstein & Green, page 226; R. Bainton, pages 205, 210, 212; Lachs & Wachs, page 21)

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Karl Runte

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What is relational conflict?

Relational conflict refers to disagreements or disputes that arise between individuals within a relationship, whether personal, professional, or social. It is often caused by differing opinions, beliefs, values, or expectations, and can lead to tension, misunderstanding, and a breakdown in communication. Effective communication, empathy, and conflict resolution skills are key in managing and resolving relational conflict.


What caused religious conflict during the renaissance?

Corruption in the Catholic Church! Also the validity of King Henry VIII marriage to Queen Katherine of Arragon. Resulting in England's break from the Catholic church and the creation of The Church Of England,among other things.


Conflict of values?

Value conflict is a problem that groups within societies and between nations face in an ever changing world. Nations, societies and sub-groups within a can experience disagreements because of various self-interests or different value systems.


What is and example of religion and conflict?

AnswerAn early example of religion and conflict was the crusades. A modern example of religion and conflict is jihad. Some may say that the conflict between Israel and Palestine is an example of religious conflict, but this is probably more about land and ethnic pride.


How did the puritans resolve the conflict between john winthrop and roger Williams?

The conflict between John Winthrop and Roger Williams was largely centered around religious beliefs and freedom. The Puritans resolved the conflict by banishing Roger Williams from the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1636, leading him to establish Rhode Island as a haven for religious freedom and tolerance. This allowed both to pursue their beliefs without further conflict.

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The birth and growth of science led to the conflict between scientists and the church.


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