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Abstract Algebra
Have you ever wondered what would happen if you redefined some of the basic rules of algebra so that concepts you took for granted, like AB = BA, no longer apply? Abstract algebra does just that through the study of the properties that define algebraic structures. Post all questions about fields, rings, group theory, vector spaces, and the axioms that define them into this category.
1,849 Questions
What is the value of an Ithaca 232580?
The information provided is insufficient for an answer to be provided. What you are providing appears to be a serial number. Ithaca manufactured Handguns, Rifles and Shotguns. If it's a handgun it could be a 1911A1 and either a military manufacture or the 50th Anniversary model. The military model would be worth somewhere between $325 and $800 depending on condition. If its the anniversary model it would be worth $360 to $695, again depending on the condition of the pistol. The only other choice is the X-Caliber Single Shot in .22 LR worth between $125 to $295. Is it a Rifle ? If a rifle is it a bolt action, lever action, semi-auto or a single shot. What is the model. What is the caliber ? Rifle values range from $60 to $400 depending on the model, caliber and condition. Is it a shotgun ? If a shotgun is it a side by side, over/under, semi-auto, single shot, or a pump action. What gauge, what model. Shotgun values range from around $55 to $9,500, depending on the model, gauge, type, and condition. This probably isn't a lot of help, but there's not a lot of information to go on. Additional info - The X-Caliber was actually made in several calibers and is fairly rare. I just saw a 22LR (new condition) sell for $599, and that is the first I have seen sell for less than $1,000. I'll buy all you can find at $295 :-) Otherwise, I agree. (If the gun in question is an old double barrel, it is probably a Flues Model made in 1919.)
What is the definition of hills matrix?
A Hills matrix is an encryption tool. For a language comprising 26 characters, you would use an invertible n*n matrix where each element is modulo 26. That is a Hill matrix, H.
To encode a plain text message,
- encode the plain-text message using a = 0, b = 1, ..., z = 25.
- chop the message into strings of n characters.
- premultiply the column vector so formed by H.
- convert the resulting n*1 matrix to modulo 26.
- that is the encrypted message.
- to decrypt, premultiply the encrypted version by H^-1, modulo 26 .
The matrix H, is selected from a set of n*n matrices which are invertible and, for a 26-letter language, the determinant should not be divisible by a factor of 26 (2 or 13).
What do you do if you are bored with Algebra?
Some people apparently post fatuous questions on the algebra section of WikiAnswers!
A variable is a value that is not always the same number. In alegebra, it is represented as a letter. In the equasion Y=4X+5, 'Y' and 'X' are both variables.
What is the difference between pre-algebra and algebra 2?
Pre-algebra is where you just learn the basics of Algebra and Algebra two is way more advanced with new information and taking the concepts you learned in pre-algebra and algebra to the next level.
When is a metric on a set complete?
A metric on a set is complete if every Cauchy sequence in the corresponding metric space they form converges to a point of the set in question. The metric space itself is called a complete metric space.
See related links for more information.
What is algebra and provability?
Algebra means - roughly speaking - that you do calculations involving unknown quantities, represented by letters called "variables"."Provability" means that it is possible to prove something. (Note: don't confuse this with "probability", which is a different concept.)
Algebra helps us to answer questions where there is an unknown value (not necessarily the bit after '=') or for when there is a range of answers which will be correct for a mathematic equation. For example, if you had an equation: 2A + 16 = 18, it is easy to see that A=1 in this case.
You can also use algebra in cases where two equations use the same letter within, corresponding to the same value in each, and this can be used to solve when there are 2 unknown values. For example:
Eqn (1): 2A+3B=17
Eqn (2): 2A-8=6B
The values of A and B are both unknown, but because it is known that both A and B are equal in both equations we can manipulate them to eliminate one of the unknown values: If you subtract Eqn (2) from Eqn (1), the 2A's will cancel and you would be left with 3B+8=17-6B, if this is rearranged to get all of the B's on one side of the '=' you get 9B=9, and thus know that B=1, this can then be substituted into either equation to find A: 2A+(3x1)=17
2A=14
and therefore: A=7
These are only simple examples of how we utilise algebra, this is essentially why we have algebra.
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That does not answer the question, but gives only examples of use. Algebra is the language of mathematics - the collection of letters and symbols that allow mathematical expressions, equations and methods to be described in such a way that they can be used to solve numerical problems.
What are the problems of every religious group?
From what I've seen "Money & Power. Every religion thinks that it is right. This can lead to conflict, whether it is verbal or physical.Atheism can be included in this too, because although it is technically not a religion, atheists (such as me) believe that they are right as well.
What is the value of a model 94 win 32 special serial 1302057?
Your rifle was manufactured in 1949, which makes it a desireable "pre-'64" example. The value of the gun will depend entirely on its condition and if it has any factory enhancements (engraving, special sights, etc.) although even a rough 1949 rifle is worth a couple hundred. Your best bet is to get an appraisal from a local gunsmith and see what he tells you. He may recommend that you talk with a more advanced collector who is more knowledgible of the variations and values for the model 94. A good smith won't try to buy it. It is proper to pay him for his service.
Why was Jesus the point of origin?
Because in John chapter 1 of the Bible it says the word (Jesus is the Word) was there at creation and that nothing was created without him
What is the least common multiple of 12 3 and 16?
The least common multiple (LCM) is often also called the lowest common multiple or smallest common multiple. Keep in mind that these different terms all refer to the same thing: the smallest positive integer which is a multiple of two or more numbers.
The least common multiple of 3, 12, and 16 is 48.
Can you please tell an experience which proves a vector field?
You walk from your home to school, you walk back from your school to home. Outcome: you have walked two lots of the distance between your home and school but your resulting displacement is 0: you are now exactly where you started from. The sum of two vectors of the same magnitude but in opposite directions is 0.
Another example: try rowing a boat across a flowing stream. To go to the opposite bank you need to aim up-stream. Alternatively, if you try to row at right angles to the bank that you started from, you will end up downstream. These are examples of adding vectors that are acting at an angle to one another.
