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Anthrax (disease)

Anthrax is a disease that causes skin lesions and respiratory distress. It can be fatal. It is extremely resilient, and can live outside the body for years. It can be a serious threat to cattle, but due to modern medicine, this is more rare than it used to be. Anthrax has also made the news due to its occasional use in bio-terrorism.

222 Questions

Is there any anthrax incident during 2007?

In the year 2007 there were many people who died due to Antrax poisoning.

How does anthrax reproduce?

The cell divides (mitosis) through fission and can also spread spores....both are forms of asexual reproduction.

Where was the latest outbreak of anthrax?

The last outbreak of antrax was located in Scotland during the month of August in 2012 that affected 119 people and killed 14 people. It was the worst outbreak in decades.

Is anthrax man made?

Anthrax (the disease caused by the bacterium bacillus anthracis) was indeed man-made. The bacteria was genetically engineered to be much more lethal than the previous natural form of the bacterium.

Does a anthrax vaccination hurt?

I received one a couple days ago and it hurts a little and a little bruising but manageable.

What was The first disease proven to be bacterial in origin?

B. anthracis was the first bacterium conclusively demonstrated to cause disease, by Robert Koch in 1876

Are anthrax spores resistant to environmental decay?

Yes.Thay can stay dormand even for 100 years in enviroments.

What is the chance of being cured with anthrax?

there are three form of infections with anthrax.

Pulmonary anthrax that it is deadly if not treated early

gastrointestinal anthrax fatality rates 20- 60%

cutaneous form of anthrax that it is really fatal

What is the degree of damage anthrax conducts?

Anthrax is an infectious disease from the spore forming bacterium B. anthracis. Anthrax can cause damage to the heart valves and could lead to death.

What is inhalation anthrax?

Inhaling the bacterial spores can lead to a rare, often-fatal form of anthrax known as pulmonary or inhalation anthrax that attacks the lungs and sometimes spreads to the brain.

How much anthrax spores can kill you?

Anthrax can be fatal. Historically, anthrax was only picked up from animal hairs such as wool. An outbreak among woolen workers in Manchester, New Hampshire (1957) killed 9 workers. Today, anthrax in humans is seen mainly in developing countries. However, in the last few years it has been introduced via illicit drugs. One outbreak in Scotland (2009) killed 10 drug users.

How is anthrax made?

Anthrax is a strain of pathogenic bacteria; Bacillus anthracis. Therefor biologists propagate them in petri dishes either in, or on a nutrient rich medium, two specific types of medium are Anthrax Blood Agar, and Cereus Ident Agar. Once they produce enough of the bacteria they dry and mill the spores in order to make them fine enough to float easily, this called the weaponization process. They can then send it to people in letters, or infect larger populations by crop dusting downtown.

How have advances in technology changed the way anthrax is treated?

Theay are some new therapy in USA (stage three clinical) that promise more chance of surwey to the people that are infectet with anthrax.one of them it is raxibacumab.This is a monclonal antibody that it block anthrax toxines.

How effective is the anthrax vaccine?

Medical studies show that the anthrax vaccine was safe and effective, vaccines use a system of injecting dead or weakened pathogens of the virus it is curing, that way the individual's immune systems B cells learn how to produce antibodies for that disease.

How do you treat anthrax?

It is a bacteria and the infection can be treated with large doses of intravenous and oral antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, erythromycin, vancomycin or penicillin.

Why is Gruinard island forbidden?

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because the island was used as an anthrax testing ground and there is anthrax in the soil on the island

What are characteristics of anthrax?

Bacillus anthracis is a rod-shaped Gram-positive bacterium, about 1 by 9 micrometers in size. It was shown to cause disease by Robert Koch in 1877. [6] The bacterium normally rests in endospore form in the soil, and can survive for decades in this state. Once ingested by a ruminant or placed in an open cut, the bacterium begins multiplying inside the animal or human and in a few days to a month kills it. Veterinarians can often tell a possible anthrax induced death by its sudden occurrence and by the blood and bloody fluids that oozed from the body orifices. Most anthrax bacteria inside the body are destroyed by anaerobic bacteria that can grow without oxygen. The greater danger lies in the bodily fluids and blood that spills from the body and spill into the soil where the anthrax bacteria turn into a dormant protective spore form. Once formed the spores are very hard to eradicate.

The infection of ruminants (and occasionally humans) normally proceeds as follows: once the spores are inhaled they are transported through the air passages into the tiny air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs. The spores are then picked up by scavenger cells (macrophages) in the lungs and are transported through small vessels (lymphatics) to the glands (lymph nodes) in the central chest cavity (mediastinum). Damage caused by the anthrax spores and bacilli to the central chest cavity lungs can cause chest pain and difficulty breathing. Once in the lymph glands, the spores germinate into active bacillus, that multiplies, and eventually bursts the macrophage cell, releasing many more bacilli into the bloodstream which are transferred to the entire body. Once in the blood stream these bacilli release a tripartite toxin (composed of lethal factor, edema factor and protective antigen) which is known to be the primary agents of tissue destruction, bleeding, and death. If antibiotics are given too late, even if the antibiotics eradicate the bacteria, some people still will die because the toxins produced by the bacilli still remain in their system at lethal dose levels.

In order to enter the cells, the toxins use another protein produced by B. anthracis, protective antigen. Edema factor inactivates neutrophils (a type of phagocytic cell) so that they cannot phagocytose bacteria. Historically, it was believed that lethal factor caused macrophages to make TNF-alpha and interleukin 1, beta (IL1B), both normal components of the immune system used to induce an inflammatory reaction, ultimately leading to septic shock and death. However, recent evidence indicates that anthrax also targets endothelial cells (cells that lines serous cavities, lymph vessels, and blood vessels), causing vascular leakage (similar to hemorrhagic bleeding), and ultimately hypovolemic shock (low blood volume), and not only septic shock. In other words the patient bleeds to death internally.

The virulence of a strain of anthrax is dependent on multiple factors, primarily the poly-D-glutamic acid capsule that protects the bacterium from phagocytosis by host neutrophils and its toxins, edema toxin and lethal toxin.

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Can Gama ray kill the spore of anthrax?

Gama ray kill all bacteria even most resistant bacteria in environmental such gaizers.Gama ray are used to sterilizes syringes and other products that aren't termostabile.