Artificial Satellites

Some of the man-made satellites launched by India include INSAT series, IRS series, GSAT series, RISAT series, and NavIC.

1. Communication satellites: these are used to transmit television, radio, telephone, and internet signals.
2. Navigation satellites: like the GPS system, these help determine location and provide accurate time information.
3. Weather satellites: used to monitor weather patterns and provide important data for weather forecasting.

Valles Marineris is believed to have formed through a combination of tectonic activity and erosion on Mars. It is a system of canyons that stretches over 2,500 miles (4,000 kilometers) long, with some parts reaching depths of up to 7 miles (11 kilometers). The exact process of its formation is still not fully understood, but it is thought to have started with the emergence of the Tharsis region and subsequent stretching and fracturing of the Martian crust.

Satellites are used for communication purposes such as TV broadcasting and internet connectivity. They are also used for weather forecasting, environmental monitoring, and navigation systems like GPS.

Uplinking.

The technology of satellites have drastically affected society. They make the use of GPS possible, which makes getting lost a thing of the past. Unfortunately, they make monitoring people very easy.

Rockets were sent to the moon as part of space exploration efforts to study the lunar surface, conduct research on the moon's geology and atmosphere, and to learn more about the origins of the moon and its relationship to Earth. Sending rockets to the moon also helped advance scientific knowledge and technological capabilities for future space missions.

Multi-agent systems are used for modeling and studying complex interactions and decision-making processes among autonomous agents in a decentralized manner. They are commonly used in artificial intelligence, robotics, logistics, economics, and social sciences to address problems that involve coordination, cooperation, negotiation, and competition among multiple agents.

Hubble Space Telescope, International Space Station, Sputnik I.

The first "rocket" successfully launched into space was actually a V-2 missile. The first rocket-ship that was successfully launched into space used rocket engines. A rocket engine pushes the rocket forward by expelling its exhaust in the opposite direction at a high speed.

The International Space Station (ISS) is a man-made satellite that orbits Earth. It serves as a space laboratory where astronauts conduct experiments in microgravity and observe our planet from above. The ISS is a collaborative project involving multiple countries, and it has been continuously inhabited since November 2000.

To place a satellite at a height of 300 km, the launching velocity

should atleast be about 8.5 km s-1 or 30600 kmph. If this high velocity

is given to the rocket at the surface of the Earth, the rocket will be

burnt due to air friction. Moreover, such high velocities cannot be

developed by single rocket. Hence, multistage rockets are used.

To be placed in an orbit, a satellite must be raised to the desired

height and given the correct speed and direction by the launching rocket

At lift off, the rocket, with a manned or unmanned satellite on top,

is held down by clamps on the launching pad. Now the exhaust gases

built−up an upward thrust which exceeds the rocket's weight. The clamps

are then removed by remote control and the rocket accelerates upwards.

To penetrate the dense lower part of the atmosphere, initially the

rocket rises vertically and then tilted by a guidance system. The first stage

rocket, which may burn for about 2 minutes producing a speed of

3 km s-1, lifts the vehicle to a height of about 60 km and then separates

and falls back to the Earth.

The vehicle now goes to its orbital height, say 160 km, where it

moves horizontally for a moment. Then the second stage of the rocket

fires and increases the speed that is necessary for a circular orbit. By

firing small rockets with remote control system, the satellite is separated

from the second stage and made to revolve in its orbit.

A satellite image is made up of pixels, which are tiny square elements that form a grid to represent the image. Each pixel contains digital information about color and brightness, and when combined, they create the overall visual representation of the Earth's surface as captured by the satellite sensor. The resolution of a satellite image is determined by the size of these pixels, with higher resolution images having smaller pixels and capturing more detail.

Katherine Johnson born August 26, 1918 is an African-American physicist, space scientist, and mathematician who contributed to America's aeronautics and space programs with the early application of digital electronic computers at NASA

The Videocon Bazooka TV was launched in 2009. It gained popularity for its unique design and features at that time.

Satellites have influenced history by enabling global communication, navigation, and monitoring capabilities. They have revolutionized industries such as telecommunications, weather forecasting, and international relations by providing real-time information and connectivity across the globe. Satellites have also played a crucial role in military operations, disaster response, and scientific research, shaping the way nations interact and compete on a global scale.

Satellites are used for a great many things. Communications satellites beam TV, radio, and telephone signals all around the world. Navigational satellites help people know where they are and get where they are going. Weather satellites take pictures of clouds and storms from above to help make weather forecasts. Spy satellites look down and snoop on other countries. Other satellites help scientists to study Earth and other planets

Satellite Leo refers to low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites that orbit the Earth at an altitude of around 2,000 kilometers. These satellites are used for various purposes such as communication, Earth observation, and scientific research. LEO satellites have shorter orbital periods and are closer to Earth compared to other types of satellites, which can result in faster data transmission and lower latency.

Spacecraft float in space due to the lack of gravity pulling them down. They are in a state of continuous free fall around the Earth, causing them to orbit rather than fall back to the ground. This creates the sensation of floating for astronauts inside the spacecraft.

The centripetal force is equal to the gravitational force when a particular body is in a circle. For a body that is in an orbit, the gravitational force is equivalent to the centripetal force.

The satellite the Soviets launched in 1957 was called Sputnik 1. It was the first artificial satellite to be placed into Earth's orbit and marked the beginning of the space age.

A satellite collects information using sensors and instruments onboard that are designed to capture various types of data such as images, temperature, and atmospheric composition. The satellite orbits the Earth and sends the collected data back to Earth-based stations for analysis and processing.

Satellites have a typical operational lifespan of 5 to 15 years, after which their fuel is exhausted or their components degrade. However, some satellites have lasted much longer through efficient management of resources. When a satellite reaches the end of its life, it may be moved to a "graveyard" orbit to reduce the chances of collision with other operational satellites.