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Athens
One of the Ancient Greek city states, Athens has become the Capitol of Greece. It was home to Plato and Aristotle as well as a center of cultural activity up to the modern day.
2,294 Questions
Why were the Spartans and Athens at war?
The differences were not great - Sparta had a government which was a limited democracy - that is that is it was limited to the adult males who also comprised the army; they met in assembly and made decisions on matters put before them by the council.
Athens started that way but progressively moved to a broader , then a radical democracy (however no women or other slaves need apply).
Both states had executive leadership, but both were constrained by the direct votes of the electorate on important issues.
They became allies when their interests coincided - especially in the face of the Persian threat. Then Athens helped Sparta when part of its territory revolted.
The split began when Athens began to create its empire by manipulating the anti-Persian league formed after the Xerxes invasion was driven off. Athens progressively used the funds for its own benefit and became aggressive throughout the Greek world, which caused a polarisation of city-states behind Athens and Sparta respectively. The split grew and war betwen both blocs ensued (the 27-year Peloponnesian War).
What were the three goals Athens and Pericles wanted to accomplish?
Pericles had three goals for Athens. The first was to strengthen democracy. The second was to expand the empire. The third was to beautify Athens.
What kind of government developed in the Athens?
Darco -621 BC- all Athens's, rich or poor, were under equal law. Dealt harshly on criminals, making death the punishment for practically every crime
Solon -594 BC- No citizen should own another citizen, outlawed debt slavery. Created 4 social classes according to wealth.
Cleisthenes -500 BC- Organized citizens into 10 groups based on where they lived, not wealth. Allowed all citizens to submit laws for debate.
What was the name of the conflict between Athens and Sparta and their allies-?
"What is the conflict between Good and Evil?" (Not to say Athen is good, Sparta - Evil, I just mean they are two polarities, they just can't seem to get on) Sparta thought Athens was getting too powerful so they decided to show them a thing or two, Athens should have won, if it weren't for the death of their leader Pericles, at the hands of the plague. Sparta won and Athens lost her empire. Sparta did not gain it however, she liberated each state to rule themselves. We call it the Peloponessian War today. The two cities were polar in most cultural respects, but they cooperated in defeating Persia in the Second Persian War. After the war Athens got most of the credit, intensifying the existing rivalry between them. It was primarily a political conflict about which city should be Number One in Greece.
Another View:
The Peloponnesian War 431-404 BCE was fought between Sparta and its allies and Athens and its allies (empire).
Sparta and Athens were allies and respected each other for many years. They cooperated against Persia, Sparta sending a contingent to Athens to help defend against Persia's attack on Athens in 490 BCE, but it arrived too late, after the battle of Marathon had been fought. Cooperation continued, but it came adrift when the Athenian contingent sent to help Sparta put down a rebellion of its serfs in 461 BCE went awry when the Spartans realised that the Athenians were sympathetic to the opposition, and sent the Athenians home.
After the Persian War ended in 449 BCE, Athens opportunistically converted the Delian League of eastern Greek cities it had led against the Persian Empire into an empire of its own, and lived high on the hog with the war funds it continued to extort from those cities, turning the League into an empire of its own - the cities effectively held off an invader only to be taken over by their own leader.
Athens, overconfident with this success and money, kept interfering in other Greek cities not inside its empire, bringing it into conflict with members of the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta. Athens destroyed the Corinthian fleet, and finally tried to bankrupt Megara, one of these cities. The Peloponnesian cities appealed to Sparta, which demanded that Athens back off. It didn't and the devastating 27-year Peloponnesian War 431-404 BCE ensued.
The irony was that Persia had its revenge on Athens by bankrolling a fleet for the Peloponnesian League which could match the hitherto-dominant Athenian fleet on which its power and empire rode.
Further consequences: The reason for the Persian Wars was that Persia tried to stop western Greek cities interfering in the peace within its empire by bringing the cities outside its empire under control. With Athens the chief troublemaker, the Persians thought 'better a Peloponnesian dominance than an Athenian dominance'. After the Peloponnesian War ended in Athens' defeat and loss of its empire, the Greek cities went on fighting each other in shifting alliances and - another irony - Persia imposed the King's Peace, threatening retaliation if their endless fighting continued to spill over into the Persian Empire, which was the cause of the Persian Wars the previous century in the first place. And while Persia had the advantage over the war-weakened Greek cities, it resumed control of the Greek cities in Asia Minor which it had lost after the Persian War over 60 years earlier.
How were the armies of Athens and Sparta different?
During the Dark Ages of ancient Greece, the two were indistinguishable. Small city-states that we know very little about with complex tribal beliefs and a king called a basileus.
During the Archaic Period, however, the two developed into distinct types of city-state. Athens went from an autocracy to democracy, and Sparta grew into an empire based on the principles of an autocratic meritocracy with a military focus. All Spartan men were citizens, and all Spartan citizens were highly-trained soldiers.
While Athens boasted the best navy, Sparta had some of the best foot soldiers the ancient world had ever seen.
How did Athens play a part in its own downfall?
Athens never did recover from their lost of Persian during the plague. In 405 B.C the Sparta staged a blockade. The Spartans surrounded the Athens and closed their harbor with food and supplies. Beaten and starving they surrendered in 404 B.C.
Why did many city-states form an alliance against Athens?
They wanted to punish the persians for attacking Greece
Girls did not go to school in ancient Athens. At the age of seven boys attended school, but what education a girl received was completed at home.
Describe the golden age of Athens?
1) The spread of culture through the arts
2) Expansion of knowledge
3) Regional stability that were previously nonexistent
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What was one of the results for the Athens being defeated in the Peloponnesian war in 404 BC?
Athens was stripped of its empire and became a second rate power.
Sparta became temporarily dominant until defeated and displaced by Thebes.
Fighting between Greek city-states continued on.
Persia reasserted control of the Greek cities of Asia Minor.
The weakened Greek city-states were unable to resist the rise of Macedonia.
Why was education in Athens different from Sparta?
Sparta only focused on strength reading writing if this had nothing to due with a good military they wouldn`t be there. Athens though was about the Arts so building writing Darma and such was more there focus
How did democracy come about in Athens and when did this occur?
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What was the ancient Athens beliefs?
Do you mean present-day, or classical Athens?
Presently, Athens is an orthodox Christian place.
In the classical Athens, they believed in the Greek pantheon, with Pallas Athene being the most important to them.
What are slaves in ancient Athens?
People became slaves in many ways. some people became slaves when captured in battle. some were the children of slaves. some were Greek infants, abandoned on a hill or at the gates of town, left to die, or to be rescued by someone passing by. some children were sold into slavery by poor families, and some children were kidnapper.
What is the relative location of Athens?
There are lots of different possibilities:
1. East of Corinth
2. Northeast of Sparta
3. Northeast of Olympia
4. Southeast of Ionia
5. Southwest of Marathon
These are just a few but there lots more.
What did Athens men wear to battle?
They wore linens in the summer and wool in the winter.
Athenians wore light, loose clothes, as the weather was hot for most of the year. Long pieces of colorful fabric were used to make the clothes. The main item of clothing for men was a tunic, called a chiton, These were big squares of cloth, held in place by pins at the shoulders and a belt round the waist. They were made from wool in the winter, or linen in the summer. Women also wore clothing which was made from big square piece of linen or wool. They used pins in various places to hold it together. Unlike the men's, the dresses always went down to the ankles. The ancient Athenians could buy cloth and clothes in the agora. Wealthy people had tunics made of colored cloth. The tunics of the poor were plain. In cold weather, cloaks were worn. Most people went barefoot. If they needed shoes, they put on leather sandals or boots. Hair was curled, arranged in interesting and carefully designed styles, and held in place with scented waxes and lotions. Women kept their hair long, in braids, arranged on top of their head, or wore their hair in ponytails. Headbands, made of ribbon or metal, were very popular.
only people who were over the age of 30 and were citizens. to be a citizen you had to be a man who was born in Athens, and hadn't convicted a crime.
The city-state of athenes could best be described as?
An adventurous state, prepared to take risks, willing to engage in warfare and subjugate other cities, anxious to use the resources of other cities in its empire to use on its own well-being, and ruthless in dealing with other cities. Its people were brave, industrious, ruthless. Its women were treated little better than slaves, and in addition it had a slave population of about a third of its total inhabitants.
What were the requirements of being a citizen in Athens?
Unlike many other early social/governmental systems, wealth was not required to be a citizen of Athens.
It not only enabled it to dominate the eastern Mediterranean Sea and see off the Persian threat, but it was also necessary to enforce collection of the annual war fund contributions of the 200 city-states after the Persian threat receded. The casualty inscriptions of the Athenian tribes show large annual death tolls from the many fights to force the Greek cities to pay up. It was this money which supported Athenian naval power and the aggrandisement of the city and its culture and lifestyle.
What are bad things about ancient Athens?
Well, one not-so-nice things about Athens was that the women were barely considered better than the slaves, and were not taught to read of write or were in any way educated.
Athens did, however, invent the democracy and some of the most famous philosophers came from there.
