0
Brain
The center of our nervous system and daily thoughts, the brain is a complex, magnificent organ. Ask questions about parts of the brain and their functions here.
2,537 Questions
Primary motor area associated with speech?
-Broca's speech area
•neural circuits between Broca's speech area, the premotor area, and primary motor area activate muscles of the larynx, pharynx, and mouth and breathing muscles
Yes, there are 2 halves that makes it look like you only have 1 brain (since they are so close to each other), but you actually have 2.
What part of the brain controls involuntary movements?
Control is probably not the correct word to use for this question.
Involuntary muscle movements originate from and are mediated by areas at the base of the brain, but the brain is circuited.
There are different types of involuntary movement. For example, you can experience the involuntary movement of muscles which normally are under voluntary control - twitches, shaking, "spasms"(dystonia).
This problem can originate from the basal ganglia.
However, you have different types of muscle which is "wired" to different parts of the brain. For example, your colon, small intestine, stomach are smooth muscle and you have no "conscious" control over those and those muscles are "controlled" by a relatively smaller circuit in the brain.
You have heart muscle, bronchi, and diaphragm. These are controlled deep in the base of your brain and brain stem. This is where illegal drugs can cause depression or over-excitement of nerve cell activity which can lead to cardiac arrest or irregular breathing. Marijuana does not affect the brain stem, that is why over-dose does not cause death.
You also have a "motor cortex" where you can have a seizure which can cause involuntary muscle movements; seizures can be focal so that only smaller parts of the body are affected.
This sort of depends on what kind of involuntary movement we are talking about.
The basic answer is the basal ganglia.
This is the name of the group of interconnected brain areas.
"ballistic" movements (ones which can't be controlled once initiated) are controlled by the basal ganglia.
Damage to an area of the the basal ganglia called the stratium causes Huntington's Chorea (symptoms: wild, involuntary movements)
Damage to an area of the basal ganglia called the substantia nigra causes Parkinson's disease (symptoms: tremors and movement difficulty).
Therefore, you can see that a balance between the stratium and the substantia nigra is essential.
However, some involuntary movements, such as withdrawing your hand after putting it on something very hot are not controlled by the brain at all- they use the peripheral nervous system, meaning that the nerve impulses do not travel to the brain as the coordinator, but use a relay neuron in the spinal cord instead.
What is a Hyperintense T2 signal mass in the region of the head of the pancreas?
what is hyper intense t2 lesion in the right liver lobe
What affects the accuracy of memory?
Human memory is an amazing thing, but there are many ways memory can fail. Here is a brief explanation of Daniel Schacter's "seven sins of memory."
Three sins of forgetting:
- Encoding failure from absent-mindedness. If we paid attention to every single detail it would be really overwhelming, so oftentimes certain information never enters our long-term memories and thus we cannot recall it later.
- Storage decay over time, which is called transience. Oftentimes the memory we have successfully stored is just forgotten later on. This is usually caused by lack of rehearsal (e.g. using the Spanish vocabulary you learned three years ago) and a weakening of neural connections.
- Blocking or retrieval failure. When we are given a lot of similar information, we may store everything but it can be difficult to recall one particular thing out of a large collection. We learn a lot of names in our lives but cannot always remember them all. New information can interfere with recalling old information, and vice versa. Retrieval cues, such as seeing the face of the person, may help.
Three sins of distortion:
- Misattribution. If you've ever thought Sally disliked chocolate when it was really Hannah, you've misattributed your information. When we encode memories, different aspects are distributed to the part of the brain that deals with that type of info. In these cases, the source part of the memory hasn't been sent correctly.
- False memories due to our suggestibility. Sometimes we are given or imagine misinformation and incorporate it into our memory, so later on we remember it as true.
- Bias can also distort our recollections. If students are given cumbersome projects periodically throughout the year, they may remember the teacher as tough or unfair despite having a lot of fun in the class initially.
One sin of intrusion:
- Persistence of unwanted memories. If we are reliving memories constantly, the theory would be that they stay accurate and fresh in the mind. However there is a likelihood for our imaginations to get away with us and exaggerate/add details - particularly with unwanted or fear-inducing memories.
How does crack affect the brain?
Effects of Cocaine Use
There is no safe way to use cocaine! The health risks become much worse when combined with alcohol or other drugs. Alcohol and cocaine combined produce coca ethylene, which intensifies cocaine's effects and may increase the risk of sudden death. Cocaine's many dangers include:
§ Neurological Effects
§ Headaches
§ Convulsions
§ Seizures
§ Coma
§ Heart Disease
§ Altered heart rhythm
§ Chest pain
§ Very high or very low blood pressure
§ Heart attack
§ Endocarditis -- Heart infection
§ Stroke
§ Sudden death
§ Lung Damage and Disease
§ Difficulty breathing
§ Chronic bronchitis
§ Ruptured lung structures
§ Collapsed lung
§ Respiratory failure
§ Psychological Damage
§ Irritability and mood disturbances
§ Auditory hallucinations (imaginary sounds that seem real.)
§ Formicating - The sensation that insects are crawling under the skin
§ Reproductive System Damage
§ Sexual dysfunction in both males and females
§ Menstrual cycle disturbances
§ Infertility in both males and females
§ Danger During Pregnancy
§ Miscarriage, premature delivery, or stillbirth of pregnancies
§ Addicted newborns
§ Low birth weight, smaller head size, and shorter length in newborns
§ Deformities in newborns of addicted mothers or addicted fathers.
§ Other Damage
§ Burns in mouth and on hands from smoking
§ "Tracks" - puncture marks on arms or wherever injections are made
§ Infections and sores associated with injection tracks.
§ Incontinence (inability to control urination and/or bowel movements.)
§ Allergic reactions to cocaine or the additives in street drugs
§ Brain infections - both bacterial and fungal, sometimes leading to abscesses
§ Weight loss and malnourishment due to decreased appetite for food
§ Gangrene (rot) of bowels and other body parts from lack of blood flow
§ More risk-taking behavior, including unsafe sex
§ Increased risk of HIV/AIDS and hepatitis, either from unsafe sex or using infected needles
www.crackcocainerecovery.com/
What bone protects the major organ of the nervous system?
The cranium (skull) is the collection of bones that protects the brain, which is the major organ of the nervous system.
What happens to you if you damage the hypothalamus?
The hypothalamus controls a lot of very important functions in the body, so injuring it can be a very serious issue. It can result in the inability to control one's blood pressure, heart beat, sleep cycle, and a variety of other issues.
What are the cerebrum functions?
In langauge and communication it utilizes areas like Broca's area which deals with langauge and Wernicke's area which deals with Speech Comprehension which are both connected to a fibre known as http://www.answers.com/topic/arcuate-fasciculus. (follow hyperlink for additional info. In Olfaction it helps to restore movement to certain areas of the body and helps to restore memories when some of the brain cells die. In regards to the memory these fall under the hippocampus which helps to form new memories, after an epiletic patient had both sides of there hippocampus removed this resulted in losing the ability to store new memories (this effects short term memory).
How many lobes make the brain?
You have four lobes in your brain: frontal lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, and the occipital.
How much percent the normal man use his brain?
One hundred. The notion that humans only use some fraction of their brains is hokum.
There are no pain receptors in your brain, so it feels no pain.
Why the brain of a mammal usually is larger than the brain of other animals of the same size?
Every species has its own particular adaptation. Intelligence is a specialty of H. sapiens. Note that there are a few other species which have a nearly human level of intelligence, such as the various species of great apes, the elephant, and possibly the dolphin. Even the octopus, an invertebrate, is remarkably intelligent. So, although it is true that our species is the most intelligent species on Earth as far as we know, intelligence is not a uniquely human attribute. We just have slightly more.
What is the effect of alcohol on the cerebellum?
The Cerebellum controls the part of the brain that is associated with balance and fine motor skills. This part of the brain causes you to "fall down drunk" due to the inhibition of your balance. Alcohol also inhibits your motor skills, both fine and on a large scale. May also result in swaying while standing.
How smart is a dog brain compared to a human brain?
Adult humans have much larger skulls than most dogs, and can therefore have larger brains. The sizes of the brains are comparable given their sizes, but the human brain has greater development and specialization.
What is the path of blood from the left ventricle to the brain?
Blood vessels that supply the brain are the two carotid arteries and the two vertebral arteries.
- From the left ventricle, blood flows into the aorta and the common carotid arteries supply the frontal portion of the brain through the inner carotid arteries, which lead to blood vessels such as the three pairs of cerebral arteries (anterior, middle, posterior).
- From the left ventricle, blood flows from the arch of the aorta into the paired subclavian arteries, and then to the vertebral arteries, which supply the rear and lower parts of the brain through the basilar artery (which ends at the posterior cerebral arteries).
* Within the brain, cross-connections between these arteries (called the Circle of Willis) provide some redundancy should any of the arteries become severed or blocked.
