Charles Darwin

Charles Lyell incorporated the thinkings of James Hutton into a theory called uniformitarianism. He said that the geologic processes that are occurring in the world today were occurring in the past as well at the same rate. Darwin applied this principle of gradualism to biological evolution

Please understand that EVOLUTION is not a true theory.Every SINGLE assumption and rule that evolution has put forward has been proved wrong ,not only by paleontological evidence ,but also by evidence from all divisions of science.

JUST think of it this way:

A changes to z very slowly through time .ok.But then,A has to pass through all 25 letters to get to Z.This means that WE SHOULD FIND More fossils of these INTERMEDIATE species rather than the complete organisms that have @evolved@.But in fact none exists.

Evolution is just a rumor that has been proven wrong but has been dragged out unnecessarily to the 21st century.

On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life.

Anne and Charles Waring died of a scarlet fever, and the third, Mary, died in infancy along with Charles Waring from an unknown disease. Anne, or as Charles Darwin called "Annie", died at age ten. Darwin died of anorexia.

It shows how organisms change slowly overtime.

For example, examination of the inner ear bones of whales show how it changed from being able to hear well on land to being able to hear well in water as it evolved from a land mammal to a mammal that lived both on land and in the water, to one that only lives in the water.

This shows support of natural selection because it would be advantageous for an animal who was spending more and more time in the water to have hearing adapted to hearing in the water.

In science, a hypothesis and a theory differs in that a hypothesis is a conjecture based on empirical observation or theoretical derivation yet unproven or by any experimental work, and that a theory is a hypothesis that has been rigorously tested by many researchers and supported by strong evidence. Evolution is a theory that has been repeatedly tested, supported by overwhelming evidence, and can be used to explain natural phenomenon very well.

The Theory of Actualism, which was put forward by Hutton, helped Charles Darwin in his research as he studied evolution of fossils. Darwin's work was also influenced by many other geologists apart from Hutton.

Charles Robert Darwin

The modern theory of natural selection is fairly elaborate, and there are no particular chief components. But here goes!

1 An observation: organisms in general produce more offspring than there are parents. So the population of every species has a tendency to increase.

2 Another observation: in practice, populations remain at more or less the same size. There are fluctuations, which are considerable in some species, but behind all this "noise" the "signal" is a constant population size.

3 A deduction from 1 and 2: there is competition (for survival) between individuals of a species.

4 One more observation: among individuals of a species there is variation (= variability). They are not all alike. Although Darwin and Wallace did not know details of genetics, this variation is caused partly by genetic and partly by environmental factors. The modern theory says that it is the genetic variation that matters.

5 A final deduction: it is the individuals that are best adapted to their environment that are most likely to survive and reproduce.

Natural selection refers (almost poetically!) to the notion that "mother nature" is "selecting" some individuals to survive and pass on their genes to the next generation. Over time, some genes will become more abundant in the population's gene pool, some less.

Organic evolution can be defined as a change in gene frequency.

He was a doctor. Robert Waring Darwin: 1766 - 1848. Robert Darwin studied medicine at the University of Leyden in Holland and completed his medical studies at Edinburgh, England, in 1786.

Charles Darwins religion was Unitarian same as his mothers, Unitarian is when you believe in one God and not three Gods (The Trinity) Over the course of his life he abandoned his religion and did not come back to it even on his deathbed. See description of his last hours at Link.

Charles Darwin's mother died in 1817, when Charles was 8.

In my personal opinion, Darwin was a genius far ahead of his time. He helped people better understand the world, and that is admirable. Don't listen to the religious loonies who put him down because he threatens their beliefs. Creationists think that Darwin was an atheist trying to prove that life happened on its own, and that men descended from monkeys. Darwin did not actually believe it, but atheists who do believe it probably see Darwin in the same way as the creationists, although they are more kindly disposed toward him. I agree with the above answer which is a balanced view of Charles Darwin.

The Darwinian theory of survival of the fittest derived from his observations of Galapagos turtles. The turtles had to reach up high to find food in shrubbery, so the only ones that "survived" would be those that had longer necks. Over time the gene of long necks was passed on because all those turtles that had long necks had more of a chance of survival because they could reach more source of food. The organisms that were more fit for the environment survived. This also applies to: speed, mannerisms, length of wings, and ability to swim, plus many many others.

Through convergent evolution, in which similar function produces similar form.

Generally, mutation.

The main purpose of the expedition was a hydrographic survey of the coasts of the southern part of South America as a continuation of the work of previous surveys, producing charts for naval war or commerce and drawings of the hills as seen from the sea, with height measurements. In particular, the longitude of Rio de Janeiro which formed a setting out point for these surveys was in doubt due to discrepancies in measurements and an exact longitude was to be found, using calibrated chronometers and checking these through repeated astronomical observations. Continuing records of tides and meteorological conditions were also required. A lesser priority was given to surveying approaches to harbours on the Falkland Islands and, season permitting, the Galápagos Islands. Then the Beagle was to proceed to Tahiti and on to Port Jackson, Australia which were known points to verify the chronometers. An additional requirement was for a geological survey of a circular coral atoll in the Pacific ocean including investigation of its profile and of tidal flows.

Palynology is the scientific study of pollen grains and spores, including their production, dispersal, and preservation in the environment. It is used in various fields such as botany, ecology, archaeology, and forensics to understand plant evolution, ecological relationships, and environmental changes.

Darwin sailed aboard the ship HMS Beagle, which circumnavigated the world from 1831 to 1836. He recorded much hydrographical, geological, and biological information.

Many of Darwin's observations were made along the coasts of South America, but also in Australia, and on the islands of Mauritius and St. Helena. He specifically studied the flora and fauna of the Galapagos Islands off the west coast of Ecuador.

Darwin traveled on HMS Beagle. His voyage was extensive, stopping at many exotic places and a trip which took nearly five years; they did not to return to England until October 2, 1836. During that time, they visited Tenerife, the Cape Verde Islands, the Brazilian coast, Argentina, Uruguay, Tierra del Fuego, Chile, the Galapagos Archipelago, Tahiti, New Zealand, Tasmania and the Keeling Islands

.Darwin wrote 3 books. Most famous was his Origin of Species. He also wrote Descent of Man and The Voyage of the Beagle.

Natural Selection

There must be genetic variation in the population

The system must not be in hardy-weinberg equilibrium.

resources must be limited in the ecosystem