Circuits

The current ring theory of magnetism suggests that magnetic materials possess microscopic "current loops" created by the movement of electrons within the material. These current loops produce magnetic fields and are responsible for the magnetic properties observed in materials.

When the small voltage battery is disconnected from the coil of many loops of wire, the collapsing magnetic field within the coil induces a large voltage according to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction. This phenomenon is known as self-induction, where the changing magnetic field within the coil generates an electromotive force that produces a large voltage.

Electric Potential = Electrical Potential Energy/ Charge

The measurement for electric potential is call the volt. Electrical Potential is often called voltage.

Voltage or Electrical Potential = 0.5 Joules / .0001 Coloumb

= 5000

Batteries store electrical energy in the form of chemical energy. Alternating current (AC) constantly changes direction, which makes it unsuitable for direct storage in a battery, which requires a constant flow of electrons in one direction to charge. However, AC can be converted to direct current (DC) before being stored in a battery.

Core loss depends on voltage because it is primarily due to hysteresis and eddy current losses in the magnetic core material. When the voltage increases, it leads to higher magnetic flux density variations within the core material, causing an increase in hysteresis and eddy current losses, thus resulting in higher core losses.

A kinetic watch capacitor is a rechargeable battery used in kinetic watches. It stores energy generated by the movement of the wearer's arm, which powers the functioning of the watch. This capacitor eliminates the need for traditional disposable batteries in kinetic watches.

As my great high school Physics teacher, Lee Dunning, said not too long ago: "There is no such thing as a negative charge" If I am correct, ALL charges are negative because electrons are the means in which current flows through, and obviously electrons are negative. I dont remember about ionization though.

Three resistors having a value of 10 ohms each, when connected in series, have

a total effective value of 30 ohms, even if they're wrapped in tissue, stuffed into

a box, and stored in the back of your sock drawer.

What, if anything, they're connected to makes no difference.

If you take the series string of three resistors out of the box and connect it to

the terminals of a 300-volts power source, then the string will conduct a current

of 10 Amperes. Each resistor will dissipate 1,000 watts and heat rapidly, until the

first one either melts or explodes, whereupon the series circuit will open and the

flow of current will cease.

Meter M3 could be malfunctioning or defective, leading to inaccurate readings. It could also be due to improper wiring or connections, causing the meter to measure current incorrectly. Lastly, environmental factors such as electromagnetic interference or temperature variations could be influencing the meter readings.

Voltage does not come from a candle. A candle produces light and heat through a chemical reaction when the candle wax is burned. Voltage is typically generated by batteries or power sources that convert energy from various sources into electrical potential.

A short circuit occurs when there is a direct connection between two points with different potential, leading to a sudden surge of current. This surge can damage the components involved and may result in overheating, fires, or even explosions. It is important to address short circuits promptly to prevent further damage and ensure safety.

transformer is not rotating bcoz for rotating rotating magnetic field is required which is produced only when the current is passed through the windings which are displaced physically by 120degrees and phase difference of 120 degrees where as in transformer there is no phsical displacement of 120degrees hence transformer cannot rotate.

No, a diode laser and an Nd:YAG laser are two different types of lasers. A diode laser uses a diode as the laser medium and is commonly used for various applications such as hair removal and skin treatments. On the other hand, an Nd:YAG laser uses neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet as the laser medium and is often used for medical and cosmetic procedures, as well as in industrial applications.

In a parallel circuit, the total resistance is calculated as the reciprocal of the sum of the reciprocals of each individual resistance. So, for three resistances of 20 ohms, 20 ohms, and 10 ohms, the total resistance will be 1 / (1/20 + 1/20 + 1/10) = 1 / (0.05 + 0.05 + 0.1) = 1 / 0.2 = 5 ohms.

AS:
total power = P1 + P2 + P3 + .......

so,
total power = 5(50mW)
= 0.25W

total power dissipated by the five resistors is 0.25W.

The operating point of a transistor is called the Q point because Q stands for "quiescent," which means a state of rest or inactivity. It represents the DC bias conditions at which the transistor operates when there is no input signal. This point is crucial for analyzing the transistor's behavior and ensuring proper amplification.

When we pass electricity through a gas , the gas molecules get excited and give out electrons and the gas molecules become positively charge (form ions).

As the ions are positively charged and the electrons are negatively charged they have a tendency to recombine and for a neutral gas molecule again.

(Note- High pressure=molecules are more close [more crowding]

Low Pressure=molecules are not so close[less crowding] )

At atmospheric pressure the gas molecules are more closer to each other that's why they recombine easily avoiding the electrons to flow.

At low pressure the gas molecules are not so close and hence it is difficult for the ion and the electron to recombine and form a neutral molecule.

This results into flow of electrons and hence the gas starts to act as an conductor.

A device consisting of a thin wire that melts to break circuit is a fuse. Once an outlet is giving out more electricity than its used to it melts which stops the current from flowing.

The best thing to do if that happens is unplug the devices in the outlet and put in a new fuse

The amount of work done by an electric circuit is equal to the product of the voltage applied to the circuit and the total charge that flows through it. Work done (W) = Voltage (V) x Charge (Q) = V x Q.

A strain gauge usually as a label on it indicating two things ,

the range and so many mV/V output.


If the range is 0 - 2 te and the mV/V is 1.5mV/V we then need to know the excitation voltage(V) of the instrument feeding the strain gauge.If the excitation voltage is 10 V then at the top end of the strain gauge (2te) the output of the strain gauge is 1.5mV X 10 =15mV.
The mV output is indicated for it's range (2te) but is linear throughout the range therefor for half the range 1te the mV output is halved to 0.75 x 10 = 7.5mV.


0te - 0mV
0.5te - 3.75mV
1te - 7.5mV
1.5te - 11.25mV
2te - 15mV

Logic circuits are arrangements of components such as transistors and resistors that implement logical functions like AND, OR, and NOT. Switching theory deals with the analysis and design of digital circuits based on Boolean algebra principles, which form the foundation of modern computer systems. This theory is essential for understanding how information is processed and manipulated in digital systems.

An electric circuit is a closed loop through which electricity can flow. It typically includes components such as a power source, wires, switches, and loads (like light bulbs or motors) that work together to allow electrons to move through the circuit and do work. Properly designed circuits ensure that electricity flows efficiently and safely.

Alternating charged current arrives at one terminal on the cap. The load to ground is connected at the other terminal of the cap. Actually 'alternating' can be a confusing electrical term to some folks. Think of the charged current as a wave that delivers this positive current from the bottom to the top of the wave and retreats or falls off at the bottom of the other side of the wave. This condition is caused from the rotating action of the rotor turning inside the stator fields in a generator. The ground through the load is attracted to the positively charged electrons at the barrier of the cap at the top of the wave from the generator. Now. Think charge separation on the ground side. As the electrons become excited on the ground side of the cap at the barrier across from the positive charge (attraction), a vacancy of non-charged electrons has occurred downstream at ground. When the positive charge and current falls at the bottom of the wave from the generator side, the excited electrons at the barrier of the cap on the ground side are now positive (charge separation) and move to power the load and fill the vacancy to ground. This is also the reason for the delay of current and charge moving through a cap to ground. A larger barrier equals a longer delay (faud rating). Nothing but magnetic field attraction between electrons has happened at the cap barrier. This is why a DC current cannot move through a cap. It has no wave. If we pulse the DC, we can get it to move through the cap, but at a lower efficiency than AC.

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