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Civil Engineering
Civil Engineering is a profession of designing and executing structural works that serve the general public, like houses, buildings, roads, etc. A Civil Engineer is an engineer trained in the design and construction of public works, such as bridges or dams, and other large facilities.
4,921 Questions
Tracking bolt--A soldering bolt is type of connection bolt, which serves to connected two components. These bolts do not provide strength to the members.
A veranda is a platform that runs along the exterior of a house on the ground floor. It has a roof to provide shelter from the elements.
What is the difference between saturated and submerged soil?
when the voids of soil are just filled by water the soil mass is called saturated and when soil mass is submerged in water means the water level is above the the soil level or soil mass is drowned in water then soil mass is called submerged.
What is the dry density of cement?
The cement density is used in the calculation of the total aggregate content and of the concrete density.Normal concrete has a density around 2400 kg/cubic meter or 4048 lb/cubic yard. There are many different kinds of concrete, many of which are much lighter. Cement is the liquid (or paste like) form, and tends to be much heavier than when it has cured into concrete.
"Cement" is not concrete, but can be used to make concrete by mixing with sand, stone and water. The density of cement is about 3120kg/m3.
What is the importance of weathering in civil engineering?
importance of weathering in civil engineering
It is a dead weight (concrete or steel) landed on the seabed which is used to initiate a pipeline or umbilical. It is named "Dead Man" because it doesn't move!
What is the theory for slump test?
Theory: Work-ability is the ease with which the given concrete mix can be mixed together, transported to the application place and can be placed/applied/compacted their within the initial setting time of cement. This property depends largely on the amount of water added i.e. water cement ratio of the concrete mix and kind of aggregates used. Generally work-ability increases with the addition of the water, however it results in the less strength of concrete. So we have to settle for an intermediate value of water cement ratio at which it may have the sufficient work-ability as well as sufficient strength.
How do you do temporary adjustment of dumpy level?
It as 3 following steps to adjust the dumpy level 1.SETTING 2.LEVELLING.3FOCUSING
What are the advantages of Laterite blocks?
Strength and durability of cement-stabilized laterite hollow blocks made with laterite soils at three different locations in Edo State were studied. To this end, blocks were produced with water content at about the optimum moisture with varying percentages of cement from 3% to 15% at 2% increments and compactive pressures ranging from 3.44 N/mm2 to 17.20 N/mm2. The result showed that for 7% cement content and 13.76 N/mm2 compactive pressure, blocks of strength of at least 2.0N/mm2 at 28 days, could be produced. The blocks showed no features of wear after exposure to rain with weight losses within permissible limits after 12-cycles of wetting-brushing-drying. Cost analysis showed that laterite blocks have 40% cost advantage over similar sandcrete blocks.
ADAVANTAGES: Strength • durability • cement • stabilization • laterites
What are short bored pile foundations?
Short bored pile foundations
Where the subsoil is of firm, shrinkable clay, which is subject to volume change
due to deep rooted vegetation for some depth below the surface and where
the subsoil is of soft, or uncertain bearing capacity for a few metres below the
surface, it may be economic and satisfactory to use a system of short bored
piles as a foundation. Piles are concrete columns, which are either
precast and driven (hammered) into the ground or cast in holes that are augured
(drilled) into the ground down to a level of a firm, stable stratum of subsoil
The piles that are excavated to a depth of 4 m below the surface are termed
short bore, which refers to the comparatively short length of the piles as compared to the much longer piles used for larger buildings. Short bored piles are
generally from 2 to 4 m long and from 250 to 350 mm diameter.
Holes are augered into the ground by machine. An auger is a form of drill
comprising a rotating shaft with cutting blades that screw into the ground.
The soil is either withdrawn and lifted to the surface as the shaft rotates or,
with small augers, once the auger has cut into the ground it is withdrawn and
the soil removed from the blades. The advantage of this system of augered
holes is that samples of the subsoil are withdrawn, from which the nature
and bearing capacity of the subsoil may be assessed. The piles may be formed
of concrete or, more usually, a light steel cage of reinforcement is lowered
into the hole and concrete poured or pumped into the hole and compacted
to form a pile foundation. The piles are cast underneath the corners and intersection of load bearing walls and at regular intervals between to reduce the
span and depth of the reinforced ground beam, which transfers the wall and
building loads to the foundation. A reinforced concrete ground beam is then
cast over the piles. The spacing of the piles depends
on the loads to be supported and on economic sections of ground beam, see
What is fixed end connections in the beam?
"Fixed" means that the ends cannot translate and cannot rotate.
"Pinned" means that the ends cannot translate but can rotate.
Why are railroad tracks built with a flexible expansion and contraction joint?
The tracks have a larger coefficient of linear expansion than the ground beneath.
Difference between load bearing wall and framed structure?
Load bearing structures are structures where the loads are transferred to the foundation via load bearing walls(external and internal). These type of structures have a smaller window to walls ratio. Since the loads are borne by the walls the height of walls are limited.
Framed structures are structures where the loads are transferred to the foundation via beams and columns. So beams and columns play a major role here. The loads in floor is transferred to the beams and then columns. These type structures can have large open areas in the walls. These type of structures can be adapted in high-rise buildings.
What is terminal groyne syndrome?
A build-up, which is often accompanied by accelerated erosion of the downdrift beach, which receives little or no sand from longshore drift. (This is known as terminal groyne syndrome, as it occurs after the terminal groyne in a group of groynes).
Why it is called a biaxial voided slab?
Voided biaxial slabs are reinforced concrete slabs in which voids reduce the amount of concrete.
While concrete has been used for thousands of years, the use of reinforced concrete is a relatively recent invention, usually attributed to Joseph-Louis Lambot in 1848. Joseph Monier, a French gardener, patented a design for reinforced garden tubs in 1868, and later patented reinforced concrete beams and posts for railway and road guardrails.
The main obstacle with concrete constructions, in case of horizontal slabs, is the high weight, which limits the span. For this reason major developments of reinforced concrete have focused on enhancing the span, either by reducing the weight or overcoming concrete's natural weakness in tension
What is the effect of the salt contamination of aggregate in concrete?
It would weaken the concrete, so keep out the salt.
Would you expect the suction in the soil to be 0 at any time?
Soil suction is zero at the phreatic surface. This is the point where the pore water pressure is equal to the pore air pressure. Above this surface pore water pressure becomes increasingly negative compared to pore air pressure and as such matric suctions develop. Below the phreatic surface the pore water pressure becomes increasingly positive and the pore spaces are totally saturated.
