Civil Engineering

Special K

Calculating loads on roof trusses involves the consideration of a number of variables. That's what engineering classes teach. There is no slam dunk formulae. But we can look at some of the variables. By the way, though the hammerbeam cantilevers out from the eaves, it is supported underneath. What's the static load the wooden truss will experience? What dynamic loads will have to be figured in? You'll have to measure the heck out of everything. Unless one wants to reinvent the wheel, the wise person would go to the manufacturers of wooden trusses and look though their offerings to see what works where. It is doubtful that they will let an investigator use their software, but they will provide some general answers through their applications guides. There are engineering packages (software) that provide "shortcuts" to finding answers to problems like this, but they cost. Some schools and most universities have one or more computer applications where the legwork is done and the investigator only has to input his requirements.

The Southwell Plot method enables you to test a column in a non-destructive manner so that its buckling behaviour can be determined.

If we look at the Southwell Plot equation:

P/y = 1/Pcr * y + a/Pcr

Here we have:

P = Applied load

y = mid-height displacement

Pcr = Critical buckling load

a = initial mid-height deformation (or imperfection as you called it)

Using test data, you can plot a graph with P/y along the y-axis and y along the x-axis. This will give you a slope of 1/Pcr and an intercept at y=0 of a/Pcr. From there the value of 'Pcr' and 'a' can be determined.

It is interesting to see how the slope of this curve is often very linear, especially for elastic buckling cases. It is for this reason that you do not need to test a column to failure.

By providing a quicker way across bodies of water.

Because the cement will damage

Yes

30 MPa

It's d process of compacting a material by removing d water contant:)

No The Hartland bridge in New Brunswick was not originally built covered.

In 1920, two complete spans of the bridge collapsed because of ice coming down the river. The bridge was repaired and reopened in 1922, the bridge was also covered when it was reconstructed.

The Sciotoville Bridge across the Ohio River: two 775-foot spans.

gravitation is inversly proportional to weaight

Nothing but strength of bars. more precisely tension strength. Generally standard grades like 250,415,500 N/mm2 available.

The bearing capacity of a steel plate can be determined using the formula:

[ q = \frac{P}{A} ]

where ( q ) is the bearing capacity (pressure), ( P ) is the applied load, and ( A ) is the area of the plate. Additionally, for specific conditions, factors like material yield strength, plate thickness, and edge conditions may need to be considered for a more comprehensive analysis. Always consult relevant codes and standards for detailed calculations.

Sunmica uses

It would look like a model, which it is.

Structural failure.

1) Ponte Vecchio (Florence/Firenze)

2) Ponte Rialto (Venice)

3) Pulteney Bridge (Bath)

4) Krämerbrücke (Erfurt)

a monophelia

They used a keystone. It is a wedge-shaped piece at the top of an arch. It is the final piece placed to lock in the other stones of the arch.

Firstly, u need 2 know ur diameter of the stirrup used. Then get the perimeter of ur concrete work. After which you will less your cover, but remmeber that your diameter stirrup will be minus from your cover in meter, then u can now less cover round the perimeter of your concrete and lastly you will add your bending length(i.e the length it use to over_laps each other. Which is mostly 75mm.

Yes, lean concrete can be vibrated to ensure proper compaction and eliminate air pockets. Vibrating helps achieve a denser and more uniform mix, which enhances the strength and durability of the concrete. However, care must be taken not to over-vibrate, as this can lead to segregation of the materials. It's essential to follow proper guidelines for vibration techniques and duration.

DL = lane distribution factor, expressed as a ratio, accounts for the distribution of loads when two or more lanes are available in one direction

a twisting force that causes torsion.

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