Computer Networking

You will see a symbol with red color cross (X mark) on the device icon which indicates that device is not working or disabled.

* Category 1: Traditional telephone cable (voice but no data transmission) * Category 2: Data transmission up to a maximum of 4 Mbit/s (RNIS). This type of cable contains 4 twisted pairs * Category 3: 10 Mbit/s maximum. This type of cable contains 4 twisted pairs and 3 twists per foot * Category 4: 16 Mbit/s maximum. This type of cable contains 4 copper twisted pairs * Category 5: 100 Mbit/s maximum. This type of cable contains 4 copper twisted pairs * Category 5e: 1000 Mbit/s maximum. This type of cable contains 4 copper twisted pairs

In many industrial applications, DHCP is not used because it is desired for devices to have the same IP address all the time, whereas in an office application it doesn't really matter if you get a different IP address from the network every time. Some industrial Ethernet devices, like I/O for EtherNet/IP, are BootP enabled in their default out-of-box settings.

Thus, in the industrial world, BootP is still used and widely accepted as a quick and simple way to give devices an IP address. Phoenix Contact has a simple, freeware BootP server that can be used for this purpose which can be downloaded at the link below.

you are only really limited by the ports on your router, indeed even if you run out of ports you can get another router.

192.168.0.1 is the starting address and 192.168.256.256 is the ending address... so I would say that you can connect up to 65,536 computers to a LAN at least in theory. I have never heard this being done but I'm sure it is possible.

The problem is the bandwidth. if you are on a 5 Mbit connection (for simplification purposes this is both up and down speed) and you have lets say 10,000 computers all with people using them online then each is roughly limited to 524 bps if all is shared equally, in layman's terms that's really really slow. Now if you only have a few computers using the net at any given time it can work well.

router

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I wireless desktop card is hardware you install into your computer so you can connect your computer to a wireless network from a router or access point.

The speed of your net access is defined in terms of... a) RAM b) MHz c) Kbps d) Megabytes.

BIOS is the Basic Input Output System that lives on the motherboard. The BIOS determines how the computer acts before any software is loaded, and in newer motherboards it determines how hardware appears to the operating system. BIOS is what allows a computer to boot. If the bios does not understand how to read from a piece of hardware, you can not boot from it. BIOS determines configuration for motherboard resources and provides the informatiotn about available resources to the operating system. BIOS may contain software to encrypt drives or hold a component necessary for decryption. BIOS may require the entry of a password before boot to help prevent unauthorized use. BIOS may hold unique information to identify the computer.

SSH Stands for Secure Shell and always run port number 22

These devices server two purposes. The modem (more likely a Router if you use Broadband) connects you to the Internet. The Wireless part allows you to connect your PC to it. The advantages over a Wired Router is that a wired router requires you to connect your PC with a network cable. This restricts the position of your PC and Router as they both have to be within 5m of each other - or you invest in room to room cabling. The wireless connection allows you much more freedom as to where you locate your PC or laptop. The Wireless signal can travel through walls and ceilings so you do not need "line of sight" but it is restricted by the density of the walls and live electrical cabling. Wireless routers also allow you to connect other devices which do not have a network lead connection. This would include mobile phones, game consoles, television receivers etc.

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copper, radio (microwave), or fiber optic cable

Some shareware software allows to use it for so called trial version. Also some shareware software allows to use it during all time since it was installed, but you have read agreement to find out which conditions they apply. But the huge portion of shareware software does not allow to use it after trial period if it has it. And to have such software installed on your computer and use it is illegal.

The default subnet mask for a class C IP address is 255.255.255.0

A web server is a specialized type of file server. Its job is to retrieve files from the server's hard drive, format the files for the Web browser, and send them out via the network.

eg. MS Active Server Pages and .Net

You want to open the port that uTorrent is using.

You can set that port in uTorrent at Options>Preferences>Connection.

Opening the port will greatly help speeds.

To open the port, you need to set an exception in any firewall, software or hardware (router), on your system.

This guide has info to help with that:

http://www.techsupportalert.com/content/optimizing-torrent-speed.htm

An audit trail is a formal record or log of the financial transactions of an organization.

Advantages: -software and hardware resources can be shared (ex. printer).

- you can access your work from any computer.

Disadvantages: -skilled network technicians to install and manage the network, network software is costly.

-if communication link is broken, the whole network goes down.

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Network that is designed just to enable share resources is called Peer to Peer Network also called Workgroup in Windows.

ADVANTAGES Provide very efficient "High-speed" retrieval Simplicity The network model is conceptually simple and easy to design. Ability to handle more relationship types The network model can handle the one-to-many and many-to-many relationships. Ease of data access In the network database terminology, a relationship is a set. Each set comprises of two types of records.- an owner record and a member record, In a network model an application can access an owner record and all the member records within a set. Data Integrity In a network model, no member can exist without an owner. A user must therefore first define the owner record and then the member record. This ensures the integrity. Data Independence The network model draws a clear line of demarcation between programs and the complex physical storage details. The application programs work independently of the data. Any changes made in the data characteristics do not affect the application program. DISADVANTAGES System complexity In a network model, data are accessed one record at a time. This males it essential for the database designers, administrators, and programmers to be familiar with the internal data structures to gain access to the data. Therefore, a user friendly database management system cannot be created using the network model Lack of Structural independence. Making structural modifications to the database is very difficult in the network database model as the data access method is navigational. Any changes made to the database structure require the application programs to be modified before they can access data. Though the network model achieves data independence, it still fails to achieve structural independence.