Computer Networking

Flow based routing considers the flow in the network; mean consider the amount of traffic in the network before deciding on which outgoing line to place the packet. The key here is to be able to characterize the nature of the traffic flows over time. The basic idea behind the algorithm, is that any given line, if the capacity and average flow are known, it is possible to compute the mean packet delay on that line from queuing theory. The routing problem thus reduces to finding the routing algorithm that produces the minimum average delay for the subnet.

The highest usable IP address for non-multicast devices is 223.255.255.254 The highest usable multicast IP address is 239.255.255.254

Any exercise towards building design of the management information system will be preceded by an exercise of business process re-engineering. Building the MIS is a long-term project. It is, therefore, essential to have a relook at the organisation where the mission and goals of the organisation are likely to be replaced. The business itself would undergo a qualitative change in terms of the business focus, work culture and style and the value system. This would change the platform of business calling for a different MIS.

The MIS will concentrate more on the performance parameter evaluation which is different in the re-engineered organisation. The data capture, processing, analysis and report­ing would be process central and performance efficiency would be evaluated in relation to the value generated by the processes.

The decision support systems will be integrated in the business process itself, where triggers are used to move the process. The triggers could be business rules and stored procedures, enabling the process to become automotive in its execution. The MIS in the re-engineered organisation would be more of a performance monitoring tool to start with and then a control for the performance. The traditional MIS is function-centered like finance, production, material, etc. The Manage­ment Information System in a re-engineered organisation would be process centred, evaluating customer satisfaction, expectations and perceptions.

The role of Management Information System will be raised to a level where the following activities would be viewed for the management action:

· Control of process cycle time

· Work group efficiency

· Customer satisfaction index

· Process efficiency and effectiveness

· Effectiveness of the Management in enterprise management and not in enterprise resource

· The strength of the organisation in terms of knowledge, learning and strategic effectiveness

The traditional role of the MIS as a decision supporter will continue, however.

The notation 802.11 bg means that your device can connect to both 802.11 b and 802.11 g wireless networks. At this point in time, 802.11 b is not used by very many networks, 802.11 g is still in use in some networks, but the newer 802.11 n has been installed in a great number of places due to its increased range.

Processing delay

Queuing delay

Transmission delay

Propagation delay

1. Easy Communication and Speed It is very easy to communicate through a network. People can communicate efficiently using a network with a group of people. They can enjoy the benefit of emails, instant messaging, telephony, video conferencing, chat rooms, etc. 2. Ability to Share Files, Data and Information This is one of the major advantages of networking computers. People can find and share information and data because of networking. This is beneficial for large organizations to maintain their data in an organized manner and facilitate access for desired people. 3. Sharing Hardware Another important advantage of networking is the ability to share hardware. For an example, a printer can be shared among the users in a network so that there's no need to have individual printers for each and every computer in the company. This will significantly reduce the cost of purchasing hardware.

Ansi 150 is a pressure grade of flange ie. Ansi #150 Flange. For steel flanges this is specified by ANSI B16.5.

Application Layer

A NIC is capable of receiving and transmitting data at a faster rate than a modem. However, if the NIC is connected to a network which is powered by a modem, they will both run at the slower speed of the modem.

Another name for a local bus is called a system bus. A local bus or system bus typically travels the day route day in and day out.

Unlike with Manchester encoding, only the presence of a transition is important, not the polarity. Differential coding schemes will work exactly the same if the signal is inverted (wires swapped).

If you are partitioning a node on a fully connected network. You must disconnect it from the rest of the network by disconnecting all the wires to the node.

protocol

A total number of 7 fragments are generated as shown in the table below: Number Identification I Total Length L More Fragments M Fragment Offset O 1 422 480+20=500 1 0 2 422 480+20=500 1 60 3 422 480+20=500 1 120 4 422 480+20=500 1 180 5 422 480+20=500 1 240 6 422 480+20=500 1 300 7 422 100+20=120 0 360 Note that the payload contained in the original IPv4 datagram is 3000 − 20 = 2980 bytes. Also note that offsets are counted in 64-bit words and not 8-bit words.

There are 24 bits, or six hex characters, for the preamble of the MAC address (i.e., 00:11:22 in the MAC address 00:11:22:33:44:55 or 0011.2233.4455).

IPv6 will increase the address space to 128bits.

This will allow for around 3.4x1038 unique addresses. That's a lot. More then we could likely use in the foreseeable future. Of course we said that about IPv4 as well.

Some say it stands for DUAL, the update algorithm used by EIGRP. Some say it is because the letter E already was taken by EGP so they used the next letter in the alphabet.

@echo off

setlocal

set wrk="%TEMP%\WNTIPCFG_%RANDOM%.TMP"

wntipcfg /ALL /BATCH %wrk%

set key=HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Network\{4D36E972-E325-11CE-BFC1-08002BE10318}

for /f "Tokens=1-3 Delims=: " %%u in ('type %wrk%^|find "Ethernet"^|find "adapter"') do (

for /f "Tokens=1,2*" %%a in ('REG QUERY "%key%\%%w\Connection" /V Name^|find "REG_SZ"') do (

@echo %%c

)

)

del /q %wrk%

endlocal

Server,

Printer

Network system file

Public IP addresses must be unique across the entire Internet.

if modem has wireless capablity, then no need for a router

An IEEE standard for a token ring local area network access method, which is widely implemented in Token Ring.

ieee-802

node

What is the cost option in Exchange connectors? If you add a cost from 1 through 100 to any Exchange Server connector's Address Space tab, any messages that use that connector take the new cost into consideration when e-mail is routed. Routing cost typically ranges from 1 through 99. The default is 1. If the cost of a route is set to 1, other routes are used only if that route does not work. If the cost of a route is set to 100, that route is used only when all other routes does not work.