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Down Syndrome

What a difference an extra chromosome can make. Here we explore the misconceptions -- as well as the ups and downs -- of Down Syndrome, a congenital genetic disorder that is caused by the presence of an extra 21st chromosome. The affected person is mildly to moderately handicapped, short in stature, and has a flattened facial profile.

693 Questions

Can drugs cause Down syndrome?

Down syndrome is a genetically-transmitted disease cause by the presence of part or all of an extra 21st chromosome. We can't blame this one on the drugs. However, drug use (incoluding alcohol) while pregnant could complicate the issue with developmental problems.

I always remind people that if they use drugs during late-stage pregnancy, the child will be born with an addiction. Whether or not its later life is affected, the baby will have to withdraw from the drug during the first few days of life. Hell of a way to start your presence on the planet, wouldn't you say?

What is meniere's syndrome?

Menier's disease is a life-disturbing disorder/disease of the inner ear that is characterized by a triad of symptoms, including severe vertigo, hearing loss, and tinnitus (ringing in the ear). The exact cause of the disease is unknown, however it has to do with an imbalance of the endolymphatic fluid located in the cochlea (the sensory organ of hearing).

What is Fisher syndrome?

Fisher syndrome is a rare, acute neurological disorder characterized by a triad of clinical manifestations that includes brain-damage associated abnormal coordination (ataxia).

Is Down syndrome a dominant or recessive?

Down syndrome is neither dominant nor recessive. Actually, it is considered to be an "autosomal" trait. This occurs when there is damage to the chromosome.

Do people with Stickler syndrome also have Down syndrome?

Um, well no. I have stickler syndrome and I definitely have not got downs thank you very much!

Is Down syndrome a single gene or polygenic trait?

Down syndrome is a result of having an extra chromosome in one's genes. Chromosome thirteen* if your that much into the science. It is also called trisomy 21 because the chromosome 21 is the one with the abnormalities. *Abnormalities with chromosome thirteen is called Patau syndrome or trisomy 13.

Is Angelman syndrome the same as Down syndrome?

Angelman syndrome is a genetic disorder, as is Down syndrome. But they are not the same.

Angelman Syndrome involves a deletion of Chromosome 15, whereas people with Down syndrome have an extra copy of Chromosome 21.

What causes the abnormality in chromosome numbers in people with down syndrome?

It is most commonly caused by increased maternal age.

Add: It is the result of nondisjunction of the 21st chromosome pair, in which the pair fails to separate, so that one cell gets an extra copy of chromosome 21.

What kind of activities can kids with Down syndrome do?

Pretty much the same as other kids ! I would try and treat them as children and ask them if they want to do or try any activities you would normally do with kids. As long as you keep your eye on them so they come to no harm.

What is the best mattress for someone with downs syndrome?

Children and adults with Down syndrome (also known as trisomy 21) requires non-irritating and non-toxic bedding to sleep on at night. Thus, mattresses made of synthetic materials should be avoided. More appropriate would be to use natural and organic mattresses. Also, the use of waterproof bedding may be prudent since those with Down syndrome may also exhibit urinary incontinence.

Can a child have both cerebral palsy as well as Down syndrome?

Yes, it is possible to have Down Syndrome, a genetic abnormality, and cerebral palsy, a condition caused by oxygen deprivation during a difficult birth. Nothing prevents both of those from happening to the same person.

Are down syndrome people good at sports?

It depends. If they're down syndrom isn't bad, then they can be very good.

Is Down syndrome associated with an open foramen ovale?

A patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a defect in the septum (wall) between the two upper (atrial) chambers of the heart. Specifically, the defect is an incomplete closure of the atrial septum that results in the creation of a flap or a valve-like opening in the atrial septal wall (see illustration).

Down syndrome (DS), also called Trisomy 21, is a condition in which extra genetic material causes delays in the way a child develops, both mentally and physically.

In other words Down syndrome is NOT associated to open foramen ovale.

Is mosiac down syndrome bad?

Statistically, since less somatic cells are affected by trisomy 21 I would think the syndromes would be milder. I could be wrong here.

What could happen if you use a downs syndrome person urine for your own drug testing?

. Collect Midstream Urine in a Clean Cup or Container

A dean glass or clear plastic container is best for collecting the urine. In the research studies, urine is usually collected by means of a "clean catch" in which the genital area is cleansed before collecting the urine. This is important for women in particular when using urine therapy internally and can be done by simply washing with a little soap and water. Collect the midstream urine only. You can take along pre-packaged clean catch kits which include a sterile cup and antiseptic paper towelettes for convenience during travel or whenever unsanitary living conditions or contaminated water are a problem.

2. Always Use Fresh Urine Immediately Upon Collection

Urine breaks down quickly outside the body so use it internally as soon as you collect it. If you are going to use it for external use only, this isn't as important, as you can use either fresh or old urine for most external applications.

3. Begin With Oral Drops Then Increase Dosage As Needed

Once you've read the book and are ready to begin using the therapy,

Start by taking a only few drops each day in order to let your body adjust gradually.

Fill a clean medicine dropper from the cup of urine and place one or two drops under your tongue. This method lets you get used to the taste slowly and will still give you health benefits. You. can slowly increase and adjust the amount later when you've determined what amount is right for your condition.

1. Start by taking 1-5 drops of morning urine on the first day.

2. The second day, take 5-10 drops in the morning.

3. Third day, take 5-10 drops m the morning, and the same amount in the evening before you go to bed.

4. Once you feel accustomed to the therapy, gradually increase the amount as needed for obtaining results for your condition. As you use the therapy, you will learn to adjust the amount you need by observing your reactions to the therapy. More information on dosage is given further on in this chapter.

4. Do Not Boil Or Dilute The Urine

Research studies show that boiling urine destroys many oi its medicinal properties, so when taking it internally, use it only in its fresh, natural form. Research studies have also shown that diluting urine (or urea) decreases its antibacterial activity, so rather than diluting it in juice or water to get accustomed to using it.

5. Homeopathic Urine

The importance of using urine collected at the beginning or height of acute symptoms of illness, particularly infections and allergies, has been suggested by some researchers, because this urine contains the greatest amount of antibodies and immune-defense agents with which the body is already fighting the illness. A homeopathic preparation preserves this potent first-stage-illness urine and can then be used throughout the duration of the illness. Homeopathic urine is also excellent for children. For those of you with extreme sensitivity or toxicity, who may feel that you are getting too strong a reaction to the urine initially, try using it as a homeopathic dilution. I

6. Monitor And Balance Your Ph

pH refers to the acid/alkaline condition of the body. The body is normally mildly acidic, and maintaining the proper pH is crucial in urine therapy. pH values naturally change throughout the day. Morning urine is generally more acidic than mid-day urine, and pH also changes in response to diet - in general, foods like meats, coffee, alco- hol, milk, eggs and beans make the body more acidic while most fruits and vegetables have an. alkaline effect. (See Appendix for a more complete listing of add/alkaline foods). It's always good to keep an eye on both your urine and saliva pH levels, because both should present a proper acid/alkaline balance. The ideal pH range of saliva is about 6.4 - 7.2, (below 6.4 is too acidic, above 72. \s too alkaline). Saliva usually becomes more alkaline after eating and with a vegetarian diet. Urine pH should ideally vary from approximately 5.0 (acid in the morning) to 8.0 (alkaline at night) during each 24-hour period. If your urine or saliva pH levels are consistently out of range for a long period, of time, it means that your body is not functioning correctly or that your diet is consistently too add or too alkaline. pH measuring strips with numerical values are commercially available for testing your acid/alkaline levels and make it simple to regularly monitor your pH at home, (or see order form on last page). The tendency to overacidity is called acidosis which can be caused by such things as kidney, liver or adrenal disorders, improper diet, starvation, anger, stress, fear, fever or excess vitamin C, aspirin or niacin. Symptoms may include insomnia, water retention, migraine headaches, frequent sighing, abnormally low blood pressure, dry hard stools, alternating constipation and dianhea, sensitivity of the teeth, difficulty swallowing and recessed eyes. Alkalosis (when the body is too alkaline) can be caused by such things as excessive use of antacids or by poor diet, excessive vomiting (bulimia), endocrine imbalances, high cholesterol, osteo-arthritis, or diarrhea. Symptoms may include drowsiness, protruding eyes, creaking joints, sore muscles, bursitis, edema, night coughs, menstrual problems, allergies, night cramps, chronic indigestion, or asthma. The first and easiest methods that you can use to correct pH are to increase relaxation, rest, fresh air, and exercise, decrease stress and make dietary adjustments. If you're too acid, decrease acid foods in your diet and eat more alkaline foods; if you're too alkaline, decrease alkaline foods and eat more acid foods. (For a list of acid or alkaline foods see the Appendix at the back of the book).

It's extremely important to monitor your pH levels during urine therapy because if your urine is too alkaline, it may decrease its antibacterial activity. On the other hand, if the urine is consistently excessively acidic, urine therapy could create too much of an acid burden in your body. In this case, make certain that your diet is primarily alkaline-promoting foods, so that you are balancing your pH and not adding to your body's acid burden through ingesting extremely acidic urine. Also, if you have a severe chronic problem with acidosis (this is often tine of diabetics), use only a few drops of urine at a time, or substitute a homeopathic urine preparation. Test your urine pH once or twice each day for a few days when using urine therapy for the first time or when using it intensively. Do not ingest the same urine that you dip the pH strip into for testing. If you are taking only a small mamtenance dose per day, test pH once every three to five days in order to determine whether dietary adjustments are needed. If you find that your urine pH is very acid, add a pinch of baking soda to the urine you'll be ingesting to reduce the acidity.

7. Do not use urine therapy if you are pregnant without a doctor's supervision:

Although pregnant women have been treated with successfully urine therapy for morning sicimess or edema, the therapy should not be used during pregnancy without the supervision of a doctor familiar with the medical use of urine. Doctors have reported that they have used urine therapy for morning sickness in pregnancy with excellent results, but there are reports of two spontaneous abortions which occurred after urine therapy treatments (Dunne and Plesch), possibly because of the natural release of toxins which occur with urine therapy.

Fertility: On the other hand, if you're trying to get pregnant, several successful fertility drugs such as Pergonai are made from urine extracts and a few women have reported to me that they feel urine therapy helped them to conceive. The best and safest method in this case is to use urine therapy for a certain time period (six months) before trying to conceive and to discontinue its use during the days that you're attempting to conceive. You can use urine diagnostic tests to determine when you're ovulating and when you've conceived, and you can gear your use of urine accordingly.

Urine Therapy and Drugs: In the past I have recommended that you do not use urine therapy if you are taking any type of drugs or are a heavy smoker, alcohol user or coffee drinker. However, new research has come to my attention that shows that urine therapy can be beneficial under all of these conditions. Dr. William Hitt, an American doctor who actually has urine therapy clinics in Mexico, has reported to me that he has treated 20,000 patients in a 2 ? year period with urine therapy injections. These patients include those with cancer, asthma and other diseases and also patients with severe alcoholism, drug and smoking addictions. Dr. Hitt reports startling success with no side effects in using urine infections for addictive disorders and also in combination with pre-scription. drugs. The amount of drugs or contaminants passed into urine is so infinitesimal that they pose no threat and, in fact, appear to act as vaccine-type agents which improve or cure these types of disorders. This is also supported by the book Urinalysis in Clinical Laboratory Practice from Miles Laboratories, in which the authors state that even in a case of severe mercury poisoning, the actual amount of mercury passed into the urine is infinitesimal. When these types of conditions are present, start on 1-5 drops orally per day for 3-5 days in order to avoid heavy detoxificatiorL Increase the drops by one or two each day according to how well you're tolerating the therapy, gradually increase the amount as needed to obtain results for your individual condition.

8. Improve Your Diet & Avoid Meat When Using Urine Therapy Intensively Before Fasting

In general, your diet should consist of balanced amounts oi whole grains, fresh vegetables and small amounts of lean meats and fish. If you are eating large amounts of refined foods, sugar, soda, coffee, etc. you will not get the full benefits of urine therapy and, depending on how poor your diet is, you may experience unpleasant symptoms of headache, nausea, etc., as your body regulates and expels undesirable elements. If you're only using a few oral drops of urine or ingesting one or two ounces once a day, your meat intake can remain normal as long as your usual intake is moderate. As studies on urea and the kidney have shown (Dr. C. Giordano), urea helps your body break down proteins more efficiently,, which may mean that when using urine therapy, you can get the increased benefits of protein intake even. though you are eat-ing less meat and other sources of protein. This information will probably also be of value to vegetarians who rely on mach less concentrated protein sources in their foods than regular meat eaters. Decrease or elinrunate meat in your diet while ingesting large amounts of urine or preparing for a fast, as combining intensive urine therapy and high meat intake may lead to excess add levels in the body.

9. Detoxifying Symptoms

When you first begin urine therapy, you may initially experience symptoms such as headache, nausea, diarrhea, tiredness, or skin rashes. In many of the research studies in Chapter 4, the doctors often observed such symptoms in their patients, which are the body's natural responses as stored toxins from illness and disorders are excreted and removed from the body. These symptoms normally disappear within 24 to 36 hours. Also, by starting your therapy with a few oral drops, you may avoid or lessen the severity of detoxificadon. If you. have begun your therapy with larger amounts, and are experiencing unpleasant symptoms, decrease the amount you are ingesting and continue with smaller doses. Homeopathic remedies and simple herbs can also be used and are often of great help during detoxificarion to relieve headache, nausea, diarrhea, etc.

10. Children

Several research studies, such as those done by Drs. Krebs, Piesch, Duncan, Lewis and Dunne, deal specifically with the treatment of children with urme therapy. The easiest internal form of the therapy for children is oral drops of the child's own freSh urine. As mentioned in the studies, for acute flu, colds, viral infections, measles, mumps, chicken pox, etc., small frequent oral doses of 1-10 drops during illness have been shown to be very effective. For allergies, the research studies indicate that several drops of fresh urine should be given orally before and after meals containing aller- genic foods, or when allergic symptoms are present. Drs. Dunne and Lewis give very specific, simple instructions for using urine therapy for treating allergies in children which are included in their reports. Another very effective method recommended by Dr. Dunne is to prepare a homeopathic dilution of the child's urine for use throughout the illness or allergy attack. Collect urine at the onset of symptoms and prepare according to the instructions given in the section Homeopathy and Urine Therapy. Research studies also indicate that symptoms of illness may temporarily increase immediately following the first few doses of urine therapy, but, in all cases, these symptoms dissipated within 24 - 48 hours. For ear infections, fresh, warm urine drops in the affected ear can give excellent and often instantaneous results. Repeat as needed.

Maintenance Dose

A daily mamtenance dose is usually considered by those who use urine therapy regularly to be one to two ounces of morning midstream urine. but this dose may also be as little as 5-10 drops per day, or every other day, depending on your individual condition and needs. Many lifetime users of urine therapy such as the former prime minister of India, have commented that regular use of urine therapy noticeably assists in main-taining energy levels, reducing aging and in preventing illness.

Severe, Acute And Chronic Illnesses

For those with chronic or severe illnesses such as cancer, some urine therapy users such as John Armstrong strongly recommend ingesting as much urine as you pass or as much as possible during the day for several days, however, much smaller doses have also been reported to be effective. If you are ingesting large amounts, fasting or sharply decreasing your solid food intake during this time reduces the burden on the .kidneys and allows the body to use more energy for healing, rather than digestion. It would be extremely unadvisable for most people to undertake the kind of prolonged urine fast that John Armstrong suggests, and short urine and water fasts of one to three days can be very effective. Stop ingestion shortly before bed at night so that the body can rest, and resume when you awake in the morning. If you do not want to fast, but feel that you need to ingest larger amounts of urine, eat small, simple, light meals, preferably, fresh home-made unseasoned vegetable soups. If you leci you need a grain, use plain millet or rice, or whole grain, salt-free crackers. There is more information on fasting. Long-standing, difficult conditions naturally may require a longer period of treatment. What I discovered in my own treatment was that I needed to ingest a large amount initially (about 2 ounces 4-5 times/day) every day, for about two weeks, at which point, I switched to small frequent doses (one to two ounces) three to four times a day for another two weeks and then tapered off to 1-2 ounces twice a day, then every other day, etc. The maintenance dose is 5-10 drops per day. This was my approach, but you may find that your individual require-ments or more or less than these amounts. If you are suffering from an acute illness such as an infection, the traditional treatment is to fast completely or to eat only light meals such as homemade, unseasoned vegetable broth while ingesting frequent doses of urine for at least one day, or until you feel that your improvement is complete and stable. I have found, as have many others, that eating heavily too soon after recovering from a viral or bacterial infection may produce a relapse, so make sure that you're feeling stable before starting to eat normally again. Always break your fast by slowly reintroducing light foods, homemade fresh vegetable soups, then crackers, grains, etc.

Rest, Rest, Rest

Once you have healed .a serious illness and achieved improved health, continue the practice of a daily maintenance dose of urine therapy and a good diet. Also, never allow yourself to become consistently exhausted or overtired. Consistent proper rest is much more crucial to health than most people realize. And once you have recovered fit>m a majorillness, you must be extremely vigilant in getting abundant rest and relaxation. I have seen many instances in which people completely cure them-selves of even 'incurable' diseases through urine therapy and natural healing and remain well far a number of years, only to completely undo all the good they've accomplished by over-confidently pushing themselves to extremes in their work or recreation. One of the saddest examples of this error that I know of was the case of a young, bright, determined AIDS patient who had completely cured himself of all visible and clinical evidence of the disease, but subse-quently consistently and relentlessly overworked at his demanding corporate job. Eventually, he fell ill, relapsed and was not able to recover. However, in another case, a person who had recovered from a seriousillness experienced a relapse from overexertion, but complete rest and intense urine therapy led to an excellent recovery. But why put your-self through that ordeal and risk the chance of seriously undermining your body's hard-won repair work?

Assiduous urine therapy can give you such renewed vigor and energy, that it's easy to become overconfident and overdo, which, is not a huge problem for normal people. But for people recovering from major illnesses, exhaustion can pose a life-long threat, so protect your new-found health and your natural immune defenses with lots of rest, fresh air, moderate exercise and minimized stress.

Kidney Disorders

If you have a history or presence of a kidney infection, limit the initial amount of oral urine therapy you take to small doses such as 1-5 drops once or twice a day, or use a homeopathic dilution as described in the section on. Homeopathy and Urine Therapy in this chapter. Decrease or eliminate meat ingestion. and acid-forming foods before beginning the therapy. Also, check your acidity levels with pH strips, and begin urine therapy when your acid levels have normalized or decreased substantially.

Allergies

In the clinical research studies done on urine therapy and allergies, practitioners such as Dunne and Wilson used oral drops with excellent' results. Refer to these studies for directions and again, begin with one or two drops and then gradually increase the number of drops, or as Wilson suggests, take the drops until you can no longer sense the urine taste or temperature. If you know what your allergies are, take the drops before eating a food that you're allergic to; if you don't know what you're allergic to, take several drops of fresh urine immediately upon the appearance of symptoms, and repeat this method each time the symptoms reoccur. Homeopathic urine preparations, as described by Dr. Dunne, are also excellent for allergies, as you can preserve the urine collected at the height of allergy symptoms for long term treatment of the allergy. See the section on preparing homeopathic urine.

Food Poisoning

Several of the research studies show that urea is a proven anti-bacterial agent (Drs. Schlegel, Kaye, Weinstein etc.), and urine has been found to contain antibodies to food contaminants such as salmonella bacteria in infected individuals (Lemer and Remington). Begin by taking 1-5 drops. Increase dosage as tolerated.

Fasting

Fasting on urine is an excellent therapy that can produce extraordinary results, especially for intractable diseases and tough chronic conditions, but always work into a fast slowly. Begin with oral drops for two to three weeks, increase your dosage to 1-3 ounces during the next two or three weeks, and begin fasting the following week. Eliminate all meat intake at least three days before the fast. When I first started urine therapy, I was so seriously ill with so many different conditions and in such extreme pain, that I rushed into aweek-long fast on urine and water alone. But I don't recommend this approach because I've found that it isn't necessary to rush into the ther-apy in order to get good "results. Pushing your body too quickly can produce often severe detoxifying symptoms such as headaches, fever, nausea, depression, or fatigue that you can lessen or avoid by. Simply adjusting to the therapy gradually with a few oral drops each day. During the fast, ingest as much urine as you pass during the day until it becomes completely dear; stop ingesting for a few hours and then resume. Decrease or stop your intake at night and begin again when you awake in the morning. Alternate urine intake with small sips of cool water or ice-chips if desired. Drink as much water as you feel thirsty for, and stay well-hydrated at all times, but do not force-drink large quantities of water; as research shows (Kaye and Schlegel), this can dilute the urine, and decrease the urea's anti-bacterial action. Force-drinking water, in addition to urine ingestion, may also stress the kidneys. Combine urine fasting with urine skin massages, particularly on the face, neck and feet. John Armstrong insisted on this method because he felt that it gave extra nourishment to the body while fasting and eliminated possible headaches and nausea. The rubs are also refreshing and make the skin dear and soft. When breaking the fast, start by eating a simple homemade fresh vegetable soup broth such as one made of fresh kale, carrots, fresh green leeks, scallion tops and a little fresh ginger. Do not add salt or seasonings. Eat only the broth for a day or two, the broth and vegetable the next day, and begin gradually adding in more vegetables and carbohy-drates such as rice and millet over the next few days. Short periods of fasting (1-3 days) can be an extremely effective method for cleansing and healing the body; long fasts should always be under-taken with caution and supervision.

Homeopathy and Urine Therapy

In the course of using urine therapy, I found that combining the therapy with homeopathic medicines in particular can produce incredible results, even for the toughest, most stubborn chronic conditions. Severely weakened, debilitated, chronically ill individuals often develop extreme sensitivities to ordinarily helpful herbal, vitamin, mineral and other medicinal preparations, but are able to tolerate homeopathic medidnes very well. Homeopathic medicines are simply extremely diluted natural sub-stances such as plants, minerals, etc. that gently stimulate a healing reaction in the body. A homeopathic medicine is prepared by diluting a minute amount of a particular natural substance with water; the dilution is shaken several tunes and then alcohol may be added to the solution as a preservative. You can take the homeopathic medicine in its liquid form, or as a small sucrose pill which has been saturated with the liquid.

Homeopathic Urine

Dr. Nancy Dunne, the allergy researcher, reported that her colleague, Dr. Fife, used urine in the form of a homeopathic dilution with excellent results. Homeopathic urine is excellent for children and may be helpful to those with extreme sensitivities. It also provides a means of preserving urine collected during the first stages or the onset of illness, at,which time the urinary antibodies and iinmune defense agents are most reported to be most numerous and active. Pre-prepared homeopathic urea can also be purchased, although this would contain only urea and none of the antibodies or immune factors of a whole urine homeopathic preparation. The traditional book for selecting and using homeopathic medicines is referred to as the Materia Medica, which contains a listing of the remedies and Lndications for their use. These lists are referred to as Repertories, such as Boericke's Repertcay and Kent's Repertory. These books are actuallymvery enjoyable to learn to use, and the Boerickc's Repertory in particular can guide you to very specific, effective remedies for virtually every disorder.

Dr. Dunne reported that the following procedi.ire for preparing a homeopathic dose oi urme was used by Dr. Fife, and had produced remarkable healing:

1. To 5 mis (1/6 of an ounce) of distilled water in a sterile bottle add one drop of fresh urine.

2. Cap the bottle and shake vigorously 50 times (this is the first dilution).

3. Take one drop of this mix and add to another 5 mis (1/6 oz.) of distilled water; shake 50 times.

4. Take one drop of this mix and add to 5 mis (1/6 oz.) of 80 to 90 proof vodka which acts as a preservative.

5. Place three drops under the tongue hourly until there is obvious improvement or temporary exacerbation of symptoms. As improvement progresses, lengthen the interval between treatments. After 3 days, suspend treatment to avoid pushing the immune system. Treatment is resumed if progress remains static or relapse occurs.

For beginners who feel unsure about how to use homeopathy, the best book I have found as an overall introduction to self-care through home-opathy is The Fanfily Guide to Homeopathy, Symptoms and Natural Solutions, by Dr. Andrew Lockje. This is a tremendously comprehensive self-help guide which introduces the fundamentals of how the body functions, how and why specific illnesses and disorders are contracted, and what homeopathic remedies will best augment the body's natural healing. This book is an extraordinary adjunct to urine therapy and contains helpful material about a wide range of disorders that I have never found anywhere else. When using homeopathy, you have a choice of two different dilutions referred to as "x " potencies or "c " potencies. The "x" potencies are sold commercially in health food stores, etc. I have found that the c potencies are excellent for home use, as their effect seems more pronounced than the commercial preparations; many homeopathic doctors also prefer the potencies. Homeopathic medicines are safe and produce no side effects. These medicines are considered to be FDA approved, because they were widely used in the U.S. earlier in the century and so were "grandfathered" in to the FDA list of approved medical treatments; some home-opathic remedies are sold in health food stores or can be obtained froin a homeopathic doctor or catalog. Combining homeopathy with urine therapy was, for me, incredibly effective for a wide variety of serious disorders as well as for mild disorders such as headaches, colds, indigestion, etc. For more information on using homeopathy with urine therapy, you can also refer to the book I've written Healing Yourself with Homeopathy.

External Use

Skin Applications

Applying urine to the skin is an excellent treatment for every imaginable type of skin disorder including all rashes, eczema, psoriasis, acne, etc. The urea in urine, as the research studies demonstrated, is also excellent for cosmetic use as an overall skin beautifier and moisturizer.

1. Use either fresh or old urine for skin applications, although old urine has a higher ammonia content and has been found to be more effective in treating many stubborn skin disorders such as eczema or psoriasis.

2. When treating skin disorders such as eczema, psoriasis, rashes, etc. pour a small amount of urine onto a cotton ball or pad and pat or massage it lightly onto the affected area, making sure that the area is well saturated.

3. Discard the pad and saturate another clean pad with fresh urine and reapply, lightly patting and soaking the affected area. Continue reapplying in this manner for 5-10 minutes or as many times as desired - the more that the affected area is treated, the better.

4. Secure a clean soaked pad to the affected area with a gauze or cotton ~vrap and leave secured for several hours for additional healing. These urine packs are also incredibly effective for any type of insect sting, bite or poison oak or ivy. (See Urine Packs and Compresses).

5. Another method is to pour old or fresh urine into clean, plastic spray bottle and spray the rash, eczema, etc.

Skin Massages

Always augment your use of oral urine therapy with skin massages particuJariy on the face, neck and feet John Armstrong recommended this practice especially when fasting for an acute condition, and people who use it, swear by it. These massages have a tonifying, refreshing, relaxing effect and are said to allow for gradual absorption of urine nutrients through the skin. Pour either old or fresh urine into a wide, shallow container and dip your hands into the liquid. Shake off excess, then vigorously massage into a small area of skin anywhere on the body until hands and skin are dry. Rewet hands and begin massaging another area until dry; repeat this step until all skin areas have been well massaged. Rinse with warm water. Do not attempt these massages on extremely elderly or infirm individuals. Also, make certain that you use normal urine for massages. If your own urine is dark, turbid or abnormal looking, wait until you have used the urine internally over the course of two or three days, at which time the urine usually appears clear and can then be used for massages. Urine from a normal healthy person other than yourself may also be used for your external massage. If you are a heavy smoker, or are taking therapeutic or recreational drugs, do not use your own urine externally or internally (or use only extremely small amounts).

thats all I have for right now

sry but thats all I have for right noe.

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* Elevated http://www.answers.com/topic/liver-function-tests-1 and

* http://www.answers.com/topic/thrombocytopenia-7

Often, a patient who develops HELLP syndrome has already been followed up for http://www.answers.com/topic/pregnancy-induced-hypertension (gestational hypertension), or is suspected to develop http://www.answers.com/topic/pre-eclampsia (high blood pressure and http://www.answers.com/topic/proteinuria). Up to 8% of all cases present after delivery. There is gradual but marked onset of http://www.answers.com/topic/headache (30%), blurred vision, http://www.answers.com/topic/malaise-10 (90%), http://www.answers.com/topic/nausea-14/vomiting (30%), "band pain" around the upper http://www.answers.com/topic/abdomen (65%) and tingling in the extremities. http://www.answers.com/topic/edema may occur but its absence does not exclude HELLP syndrome. http://www.answers.com/topic/hypertension-20 is a diagnostic requirement, but may be mild. Rupture of the liver capsule and a resultant http://www.answers.com/topic/hematoma may occur. If the patient gets a http://www.answers.com/topic/seizure or http://www.answers.com/topic/coma, the condition has progressed into full-blown http://www.answers.com/topic/eclampsia. Patients who present symptoms of HELLP can be misdiagnosed in the early stages, increasing the risk of liver failure and morbidity (Padden, 1999). rarely post caesarean patient may present in shock condition mimicking either pulmonary embolism or reactionary haemorrhage. In a patient with possible HELLP syndrome, a batch of http://www.answers.com/topic/blood-test is performed: a http://www.answers.com/topic/full-blood-count, http://www.answers.com/topic/liver-function-tests-1, http://www.answers.com/topic/renal-function and http://www.answers.com/topic/electrolyte and http://www.answers.com/topic/coagulation studies. Often, http://www.answers.com/topic/fibrin degradation products (FDPs) are determined, which can be elevated. http://www.answers.com/topic/lactate-dehydrogenase is a marker of hemolysis and is elevated (>600 U/liter). http://www.answers.com/topic/proteinuria is present but can be mild. The http://www.answers.com/topic/platelet count has been found to be moderately predictive of severity: under 50 million/L is class I (severe), between 50 and 100 is class II (moderately severe) and >100 is class III (mild). This system is termed the Mississippi classification (Martin et al 1990). The exact cause of HELLP is unknown, but general activation of the coagulation cascade is considered the main underlying problem. Fibrin forms crosslinked networks in the small http://www.answers.com/topic/blood-vessel. This leads to a http://www.answers.com/topic/microangiopathic-hemolytic-anemia: the mesh causes destruction of http://www.answers.com/topic/red-blood-cell as if they were being forced through a strainer. Additionally, http://www.answers.com/topic/platelet are consumed. As the http://www.answers.com/topic/liver appears to be the main site of this process, downstream liver cells suffer http://www.answers.com/topic/ischemia, leading to periportal necrosis. Other organs can be similarly affected. HELLP syndrome leads to a variant form of http://www.answers.com/topic/disseminated-intravascular-coagulation (DIC), leading to paradoxical http://www.answers.com/topic/bleeding, which can make emergency surgery a serious challenge. The only effective treatment is delivery of the baby. Several medications have been investigated for the treatment of HELLP syndrome, but evidence is conflicting as to whether http://www.answers.com/topic/magnesium-sulfate decreases the risk of seizures and progress to eclampsia. The DIC is treated with http://www.answers.com/topic/fresh-frozen-plasma-1 to replenish the coagulation proteins, and the http://www.answers.com/topic/anemia may require http://www.answers.com/topic/blood-transfusion. In mild cases, http://www.answers.com/topic/corticosteroid and http://www.answers.com/topic/antihypertensive (http://www.answers.com/topic/labetalol, http://www.answers.com/topic/hydralazine, http://www.answers.com/topic/nifedipine) may be sufficient. Intravenous fluids are generally required. Its incidence is reported as 0.2-0.6% of all pregnancies. Of women with (pre)eclampsia, 4-12% also develop signs of a "superimposed" HELLP syndrome. Mortality is 7-35% and perinatal mortality of the child may be up to 40%. HELLP usually begins during the third trimester, and usually in Caucasian women over the age of 25. (Padden, 1999.) Rarely, cases have been reported as early as 23 weeks gestation.

What are the characteristics of dwarfism?

Dwarfism is a condition in which people experience smaller than normal growth. Some of the characteristics of dwarfism are limbs and body parts that are proportionally correct only in a smaller size, abnormal bone alignment, and a height of 4 feet 10 inches or less.

Where can you find information on how to break down a Marlin Model 80 22 LR?

Look in the Gun Digest Book of Gun Assembly/Dissasembly #3-Rimfire Rifles. Look in the Gun Digest Book of Gun Assembly/Dissasembly #3-Rimfire Rifles.

What activities can be difficult for a person with Down syndrome?

well one thing for sure making friends. There are always people that are going to make fun of them and not see them as a regular person. But some may struggle in just daily life. Talking, understanding, and little things. I actually have a friend who has down syndrome but she is a wonderful person!

Who is John Langdon Down?

John Langdon Down was the first person to discover down syndrome.