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Electrical Engineering

Electrical engineering is a field of engineering that deals with the study and application of electricity, electronics and electromagnetism.

23,056 Questions

How do you calculate the multiplication factor of energy meters?

Look for the ct (current transformer). You will find a ratio rating (for example, 200:5.) This means divide 200 by 5. The result is 40. Any difference in reading from a certain time should be multiplied by 40 to get actual energy consumption. This is the basic information, but in practice it should be calibrated by a government-certified body (the department of energy, for example) to perfectly match the kwhr-meter revolution.

What is meant by proximity effect in transmission line?

Assume the AC currents are going in opposite (SAME) directions in a twin pair transmission line. The magnetic fields so created have the effect of forcing the current flow towards the centre (OUTSIDE). The effect is greater with higher frequency. As the copper is not being effectively utilised, the resistance goes up. This effect is distinct from "skin effect". The effect is also greatest if the gap between wires is small. Unfortunately, as of April 2009 an on-line calculator is difficult to find.

Is it safe to connect a 4 speakers to a 4 ohm amp?

First, you must know: There is no 4 ohm amplifier. All audio amplifiers have an output impedance of smaller than 0.5 ohms. So you use impedance bridging. No problem to connect the 0.5 ohm output to your 4 ohm loudspeaker. Scroll down to related links and look at "Impedance bridging - Wikipedia".

You want to join at plc training institute what you have to do?

Contact HSS academy for the same. This the best institute in India. It is located in NOIDA. They are openong more branches in the country. www.hssacademy.com The head institute

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What do you mean by Dynamic and transient behavior of diode?

A diode is characterised by its static transfer function, i.e. the I/V curve for forward and backward volts, how the junction capacitance varies with reverse voltage.How the temeprature varies with power. But the dynamic behavior of diodes is expressed by the response to steep edges at turn on (i.e the length of delay in current turning on in response to forward volts) and turn off (how long before the charge carriers are all swept out of the diode junction and it is turned off.)

Definition of coil in contactor?

The coil in a "Contactor" is essentially an electromagnetic coil that provides the driving force to close the contacts in a Contactor. When the "Coil" is energized by a lower control voltage usually from some type of controller such as a PLC, the Normally-Open contactor will close or in the oposite case, the Normally-Closed contactor will open.

How do you amplify DC voltage?

Either electronically through a DC Bus similar to what is used in a Variable Frequency Drive, or through a Voltage doubler where resistors in parallel with a series r off of the p resistor acts as a voltage multiplier. Search for Voltage divider, or DC amplifier.

What is the working principle of electronic dimmers?

Electric dimmers work basically by controlling the amount of voltage going through. It chops out portions of the current, and the reduced voltage reduces the power of the receiving device, usually a light.

What is the differences between the slip and split rings?

Split rings are in AC generators ( alternating current) while slip rings are in DC current (direct current).

Why windings of a direct current motor are made of copper?

Copper is the best base metal for conducting electricity. Gold and silver are better but too expensive.

If you used a poorer metal you would lose more power and it would also generate more heat which in a motor would be quite a lot. More heat would then cause more resistance which would cause more heat.

What are the various types of filters that are employed in HVDC converter station?

There are various types of filters that are employed in HVDC converter station. These include high-voltage direct current and terminal stations.

What is the difference between busbar and busbar trunking system?

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What is overfluxing?

Overfluxing is when a magnetic flux density increases to very high levels. This can cause excessive currents inside transformers and becomes very dangerous.

What is a Class B circuit?

Class B circuit fire alarms are much louder and powerful than class A's. They are only recommended for people with sever hearing loss.

What is the average value of an ac voltage that has a maximum peak voltage of 80 vac?

To get the average:

Volts avg=0.637 X Vp (peak)

0.637 X 80 Vp = 50.96 Vavg

To get rms (root mean square):

Volts rms = 0.707 X Vp (peak)

0.707 X 80 Vp = 56.56 Vrms

Comment

It should be pointed out that the average value, described above, is for half a cycle. The average for a complete cycle is zero.

What is an arc voltage in a circuit breaker?

ARC VOLTAGE is the voltage that appears across the contacts of circuit breaker during the arcing period, during which the current flow is maintained in the form of an arc. The arc voltage value is low except for the point at which the current reaches zero when the arc voltage rises rapidly to a peak value.

What are the Advantage of three phase motors over single phase?

A 3 phase system needs only to use 3 or 4 conductors, as against 6 conductors if it were 3, single phase conductors

The amount of copper used in a 3 phase is much less than what would be needed in a single phase system carrying the same current, this reduction in copper allows for weight reduction and cost savings.

The power losses in a 3 phase system are much less than in a single phase system.

What size ground wire for 700A?

As per NEC for 700A you can use a min. of 1/0 AWG(50mm2) copper or 3/0AWG (95mm2) aluminum ground cable. hope this answer your question. Hattab

What is lamp types?

There are two types of lamps the tungsten halogen lamps and incandescent lamps. Tungsten Halogen Lamps are similar to incandescent lamps and produce light in the same manner from a tungsten filament; however the bulb contains a halogen gas (bromine or iodine) which is active in controlling tungsten evaporation, whereas the incandescent lamp suppresses tungsten evaporation.

How do you calculate resistivity of copper wire?

(rho) or resistivity of a "wire" is calculated using this formule:

rho = Resistance x Area / length of material

the resistivity of copper is 1.7 x 10 -8 ohm/m

Resistivity is measured in ohm metres, NOT ohms per metre!

Function of molded case circuit breaker?

== == == == == == To open a circuit during an overcurrent event, thus protecting the cabling and devices connected to it.

How does frequency modulation work?

Frequency modulation (FM) works by taking a signal, such as an audio signal, and using it to modulate a higher frequency (Radio Frequency, RF) carrier. This modulation causes the RF to shift up and down in frequency. The RF remains relatively constant in amplitude, and its shifting frequency represents the original signal.

Contrast this with Amplitude Modulation (AM) where the RF is relatively constant in frequency, but its amplitude represents the original signal.

In order to recover the original signal in an FM system, the receiver must demodulate the signal by measuring the time between successive waves of the RF. In a typical broadcast band system, limitations in the the design requirements for tuning the modulated carrier and for demodulating the original signal force the tuning and demodulation to be done in different stages. Using a process known as superhetrodyning, the tuner amplifies the RF with a broad-band amplifier and mixes the RF with a local oscillator (LO) frequency, converting the RF into an intermediate frequency (IF), typically 10.7 MHz. It then passes the still modulated IF (or shifted RF) into a sharp band-pass filter, the IF stage, and removes the interference of other stations from the IF signal. It then demodulates the original signal from the IF signal.

Often, the original signal contains encoded information, such as a stereo subcarrier, which is subsequently demodulated and demultiplexed in order to recover the stereo signal. The question, however, asked about frequency modulation, so the answer stops here. If further detail is required, either add it by refining the answer, or comment on the question, and I or someone will refine the answer.

What is induction type relay?

An induction relay works only with alternating current. It consists of an electromagnetic system which operates on a moving conductor, generally in the form of a disc or cup, and functions through the interaction of electromagnetic fluxes with the parasitic Fault currents which are induced in the rotor by these fluxes. These two fluxes, which are mutually displaced both in angle and in position, produce a torque that can be expressed by

T= Κ1.Φ1.Φ2 .sin θ,

Where Φ1 and Φ2 are the interacting fluxes and θ is the phase angle between Φ1 and Φ2. It should be noted that the torque is a maximum when the fluxes are out of phase by 90º, and zero when they are in phase.

How can you tell from the IMEI number who is the Vendor?

I recently needed also to match IMEI with the vendor and device type. I found the following webpage where you can enter IMEI and get the device and vendor details at nobbi.com: http://www.nobbi.com/tacquery.php The only disadvantage is that if you need to match lets say more then 20 devices then you have to enter each one by one. Otherwise it is a great site. Good luck!