In a pure resistive circuit the voltage and current are in phase. In an inductive circuit they are fro zero to 180 degrees out of phase. If they are in phase the Power Factor is 1 and 180 degrees the PF is zero. The exact amount of the phase difference depends on the specific circuit.
How do motors that do NOT use magnets work?
Motors that do not have magnets work exactly the same. The permanent magnet is replaced by a electromagnet, which is a coil of wire with a voltage applied to it. This electromagnet is what produces the magnet field necessary for a motor to operate. It is just easier and lighter to use this style of DC motor in larger applications.
What is the current time in marrakech?
This cannot be accurately answered because the "current time" depends on exactly when the question is asked. Also, the answer will be different every time someone reads it.
How differential protection work in a transformer?
Power flowing into a transformer must match the power flowing out (minus losses which are minimal). If this is not the case, there's something wrong.
Differential protection monitors current only; Current flowing into one side of the transformer will be equal to current flowing out the other side scaled by the turns ratio of the transformer. Since the turns ratio is equivalent to the voltage ratio, this is easily set.
What is relationship between gain and bandwidth of an op amp is?
An op amp can have a very large gain, but a limited bandwidth. If you decrease the gain, you can increase the bandwidth.
What are Block diagrams for online and offline UPS?
Online UPS is a power supply that is not interrupted during the switch-over of the power. There is a short cut-off on the offline UPS which can have an effect on affected loads during transition.
Why earthing power transmission line?
It is necessary because lightning can destroy whole phase conductors. Lightning has energy of 1MHp. So much high energy if falls on transmission line will not even destroy it but all of the distribution systems too. The reason that lightning falls on tower is that it always chosses the shortest path.
What is a normally open momentary push button?
A normally-open, momentary push button is a type of switch. When a path is "open," that means that no current can pass through said path. This type of switch closes the path when pressed allowing current to pass through the path only when it is being pressed down. Otherwise is it normally open as the name suggests.
Most of the time I see wavetraps on single phases. A wave trap is simply a low pass or band block filter. It is used to block the transmission of carrier waves from propogating beyond where they are desired. Usually these carrier waves are injected onto a single phase for each application, but there is nothing stopping someone from injecting on two or all three, other than the additional cost of injection equipment (additional cost that does not provide much benefit, I might add).
The coupling in three phase lines will cause some of the signal injected on one phase to show up on the other two, but it is usually not enough to justify wave traps on these other phases.
So the answer is it isn't needed.
Lick your own bum
Hollow conductors in transmission line used to?
To reduce skin effect.
CommentHollow conductors are not used on electricity transmission lines. Transmission-line conductors are normally manufactured of stranded aluminium conductors, wound around a steel-wire core. The steel core improves the conductor's tensile strength.
Hollow conductors are, though, used as 'wave guides' in radio-frequency circuits. However, their purpose is not to reduce skin effect (in which most of the current flows close to the surface of the conductor), but to save copper -if most of the current flows close to the surface, then there's little point in using solid copper!
AnswerHollow conductors are used on very high voltage underground cables, which are cooled by passing oil or gas through the conductors.
What is the input current for common collector?
from the name itself the common collector has its collector terminal in common with both the input and output circuits of a transistor and the base current is chosen as the input current and the output current is the emitter current
What is the difference between capacitor and transistor?
transistor either increase or decrease current bt capacitor stores the energy
Capacitors are said to be connected together "in series" when they are effectively "daisy chained" together in a single line. The charging current ( iC ) flowing through the capacitors is THE SAME for all capacitors as it only has one path to follow.
Then, Capacitors in Series all have the same current flowing through them as iT = i1 = i2 = i3 etc.
Therefore each capacitor will store the same amount of electrical charge, Q on its plates regardless of its capacitance. This is because the charge stored by a plate of any one capacitor must have come from the plate of its adjacent capacitor. Therefore, capacitors connected together in series must have the same charge.
QT = Q1 = Q2 = Q3 , etc.
If a 325 watt heater has a current of 6.0A what is the resistance?
Watts = Current x Volts with your resistive heat application. To figure out resistance you need to know voltage and current. Since you are drawing 6 amps then Volts = 325/6. This means that there is about 54 volts supplying the heater which seems like a very strange supply voltage. Since Volts = Current x Resistance the resistance = 325/36.
How is Ampacity calculations as per IEEE 738?
What is IEEE-738?
IEEE-738 is a widely used and accepted method of calculating the ampacity (thermal rating) of transmission conductors under specified weather conditions. Conductor parameters and major weather conditions are input into the method. Major weather conditions affecting rating include air temperature, wind speed/direction, and solar input, although there are some other minor effects. Both steady-state and short-duration ratings can be calculated.
IEEE-738 is based on both experimental data and theoretical equations. The full name of the standard is, "IEEE Standard for Calculating the Current-Temperature Relationship of Bare Overhead Conductors". The standard may be purchased from IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.) at
How to Calculate a Thermal Rating
An equation to calculate conductor rating is developed by first recognizing that the total input heat (per unit length) to a conductor must equal the total output heat in the steady state. The conductor is heated by ohmic losses (I2R) and solar input, and it is cooled by convection and radiation.
The following equation and figure shows this main "heat balance":
Qsolar + I2R = Qconvection + Qradiation
where
Heating and Cooling of an Overhead Conductor
Now, the equation can be reworked to solve for current as a function of the weather conditions. The Qconvection, Qradiation, Qsolar, and R terms are all functions of weather conditions and of conductor temperature. If the weather conditions are measured and the conductor temperature is set to the maximum allowable conductor temperature,the calculated current is the rating current as shown in the following equation.
What is the working principle of the governor?
Power is supplied to the governor from the engine's output shaft by a belt or chain connected to the lower belt wheel. The governor is connected to a throttle valve that regulates the flow of working fluid supplying the prime mover. As the speed of the prime mover increases, the central spindle of the governor rotates at a faster rate and the kinetic energy of the balls increases. This allows the two masses on lever arms to move outwards and upwards against gravity. If the motion goes far enough, this motion causes the lever arms to pull down on a thrust bearing, which moves a beam linkage, which reduces the aperture of a throttle valve. The rate of working-fluid entering the cylinder is thus reduced and the speed of the prime mover is controlled, preventing over-speeding.
Discuss the special feature for selecting the fuse rating for the protection of motor?
The starting current of a motor is usually much higher than the normal current of that motor's full load condition. So for the protection purpose, in case of selecting fuse, the fuse has to be rated 2-3 times the full load of the motor so it does not blow on start. An induction motor will have a starting current of around 6 times FLC.
What does a armature or rotor do?
The Armature(or rotor) is a electromagnet inside a motor and alters the magnetic field inside the motor when it rotates. In DC motors it is connected to a Commutator. In AC induction motors the armature isn't connected to a power source.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of the cathode ray oscilloscope?
Cathode ray oscilloscopes are relatively fragile and expensive. They can also be less accurate than other option. One advantage that they do have is that they are well protected from damage if a signal is significantly stronger than expected.
What would be the cause of high current starter draw?
decribe two causes of higher than normal starter current draw