Electrical Wiring

It is not recommended to use braided wire in a breaker panel as it may not provide the necessary protection against electrical fires and short circuits. Solid core wires are typically recommended for breaker panels to ensure proper connection and safety standards are met.

It depends on what side of the break that you are reading from. On the neutral load side of the break there will be no reading. On the panel neutral side of the break you will get a reading.

Power factor is defined as the ratio of real power over total power. Total power is the vector sum of real and reactive power.

yes

No, the diode is physically rated to only 75 Amps, at voltages up to 1000V. Its not a power factor thing, the top limit is 75 Amps.

1.transient analysis

2.discrete time analysis

3.hybrid pi model

4.location of poles

How do you calculate voltage drop for starting motor current

i dont know i have a 50 and it wont get any heat

blue with yellow stripe

by adding external resistance to the shaft of rotor

Electrostatics

Variable resistance.

Power = voltage times current

7.2 volts * 24 amperes = 172.8 watts

600v is a three phase service, where 347v is the L-N voltage (if grounded).

Assuming the question is about simple reactive control gear, e.g. a choke or inductor in series with the discharge lamp, then the following answer applies.

In an ideal situation, an ideal inductor, that is an inductor exhibiting pure inductance by virtue of its construction and the use of wire with no resistance, then the losses would be zero and the power consumed by the circuit would be V.I.Cos Phi, where Phi is the phase angle between the voltage and current.

In the real world electronic components are rarely ever perfect, and although a component may be called an inductor or choke, it will possess some parasitic resistance and possibly some stray capacitance too. The main source of the parasitic resistance is due to the resistance of the wire used to wind it, the diameter and length of the wire required to obtain a particular inductance and current rating and any eddy-current losses in an iron core if one is used. In the case of street lighting control gear designed to function at 50 or 60Hz, laminated iron cores are almost always used to obtain the relatively large inductances required. (At 240v R.M.S., 50Hz approximately 1 Henry of inductance is required to regulate a 20 Watt discharge lamp and 100mH for 200Watt lamp and 10mH for a 2Kw lamp, particular lamp types such as fluorescent, high pressure sodium or metal halide of the same power rating requiring slightly differing inductance values dependent on their discharge voltages at their specified operating currents.) The laminated iron cores are often constructed with an air gap to control the current value at which the core saturates.

In a real choke power is wasted in I squared R losses in the parasitic resistance of the wire, which appears as a low value, (hundreds of ohms for low current, high inductance chokes down to a an ohm or less for high current low inductance chokes used for large H.I.D. lamps) in series with the actual reactive inductance obtained by the number of turns, thickness of the wire and the nature of the core. Eddy current losses appear as a parallel resistance across the series combination of the actual inductance and resistance of the wire. Both of these resistive components add a small in-phase current to the large lagging current of the inductive component. (An ideal inductor exhibits a pure quadrature lagging current.) The series resistive component due to the wire is easy to measure and can simply be measured with a multi-meter on the appropriate resistance range for relatively high inductance chokes used with lamps up to about 400w rating. A four wire milli-ohm meter may be needed to measure the lower resistances of "larger" , lower inductance chokes with fewer turns of thicker wire, used with lamps rated above 400w.

Simply measuring the operating current, squaring it and multiplying this by the previously measured resistance will give the loss in the choke due to its wire resistance, but this will not include any eddy current losses in the core. Another method would be to connect the choke directly across a low source impedance A.C. voltage of the intended operating frequency. Generally most series regulating discharge lamp chokes can be connected directly across the supply voltage they are intended to be used from, (lamp shorted out), although some may saturate and in this case the voltage would need to be reduced. Under these conditions one could use a low value shunt or a suitably terminated current transformer in series with the choke under test to obtain the current waveform on an oscilloscope. The voltage waveform across the choke could also be displayed on the second channel of the oscilloscope to give both the amplitudes and phase angle between the voltage an current. Rembering to take into account the ratios of the current and voltage transformers used and to convert the peak values to R.M.S., the in-phase component should be able to be extracted by resolving the phase ange and magnitudes from the oscilloscope into two orthogonal components. The magnitude of this in-phase component of choke current can be used to calculate all the lossy resistive components, Rt, of a real choke and thus using "Iop" squared "Rt" to get the trus losses. ("Iop", being the operating current through the choke when used with a fully run-up lamp in series.)

Some notes, low inductance, high current chokes wound on large cores with few turns of thick wire and used for H.I.D. lamps with power ratings of aroud 1Kw or more are a lot less lossy than high inductance, low current chokes used for small fluorescent tubes which are wound with many thousands of turns of fine wire with high resistance. High frequency control gear, such as that used in electronic compact fluorescent lamps. operating at frequencies of around 45-50KHz make use of the fact that inductive reactence = 2pifL, and by increasing the frequency, f, the inductance, L, can be reduced by an inverse amount and since the inductance, L, is roughly proportional to the number of turns, these can be reduced requiring a lot less wire and thus possessing a lot less resistance and thus are a lot less lossy. The losses in the rectifier and oscillator used to raise the frequency are more than compensated for by the large increase in inductance.

Measuring omic "I squared R" losses in control gear such as leak transformers and "constant wattage", CWA gear is more demanding but not impossible.

1000

The neutral in single phase AC circuits is used as the common power return conductor for half phase operation. In a typical (US/Canada) 120/240 split phase system, generally used in residential applications, the voltage between neutral and either of the two hot conductors is 120 VAC, and the voltage between the two hot conductors is 240 VAC.

Neutral is also grounded at the distribution panel, as well as at the utility distribution transformer, in order to limit the voltage of any conductor relative to ground, and also to be able to detect ground faults by sensing imbalance between neutral and hot currents.

Note that this is not called two phase power. It is single phase, or split phase, and it comes from one center tapped transformer winding. The center tap is neutral.

PHASE ADVANCER:phase advancers are used to improve the power factor of induction motors.The low power factor of an induction motor is due to the fact that its stator winding draws exciting current which lags behind the supply voltage by 90 degree.If the exciting ampere turns can be provided from some other A.C. source,then the stator winding will be relieved of exciting current and the power factor of the motor can be improved.This job is accomplished by the phase advancer which is simply an A.C exciter.The phase advancer is mounted on the shaft as the main motor and is connected in the rotor circuit of the motor. It provides exciting ampere turns to the rotor circuit at slip frequency.By providing more ampere turns than required,the induction motor can be made to operate on leading power factor like an over-excited synchronous motor.

Here are some common units, and what they measure:volt - voltage

ampere - current

ohm - resistance

siemens - conductance

hertz - frequency

(dimensionless number) - power factor

watt - power

If you mean you want to get rid of some background "hum" that is being picked-up by the signal leads from the pickup cartridge - probably from the turntable's motor - you should check the pickup's signal wiring is shielded and grounded.

Usually turntables already have shielded wiring for the pickup leads so it is worth checking that none of the shielded wires have become disconnected from the Ground terminal on the turntable's baseboard or from the pickup head itself.

Next check that your turntable's Ground terminal is actually connected to the Ground terminal at the back of your preamp or amp. Sometimes there is a separate Grounding wire or sometimes it is just the shield of the pickup signal wiring that does this job.

Be sure to unplug everything - amp, preamp and turntable - from the household AC supply socket outlet before you do any checks.

It is best to use the resistance measurement setting of a normal electrical test meter to do those ground wiring checks. The resistance measurements from turntable Ground terminal to pickup housing and from that same terminal to the amp's Ground terminal should show a very low resistance, almost zero Ohms.

positive of ch 1 and negative of ch 2...........The positive of ch 3 and negative of ch 4.

A protractor will indicate an angle that has to be made.