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Engineering
Engineering is an art and profession devoted to designing, constructing, and operating the structures, machines, and other devices of industry and everyday life.
5,839 Questions
With a train whistle!
Just kidding. Engineers use symbols and schematic diagrams universal to their specific discipline. That way, an electronics engineer who only speaks Swahili can read a schematic written by an electronics engineer who speaks only English.
What is the disadvantages of a CAD package?
They all have advantages and disadvantages. In general, the one with the least disadvantages is the one you are most familiar with using. In my opinion, the biggest disadvatage (shared among all packages) is the difficulty in translating between packages. Many of us do this daily, and it is a PITA. Solidworks, in particular, is bad in that you can't save to a lower version that could be read by somebody working even 1 version down from you. The second biggest disadvantage (shared among many packages) is the difficulty of sharing data to co-workers without CAD seats or CAD knowledge.
An op amp is made from transistors, resistors and capacitors. It is enclosed in a "chip".
A basic instrumentation amp is made of 2 op-amps.
you can't have a single op-amp perform as good as a instrumentation amp, although it can perfrom the same task.
An i-amp has much better CMMR (common-mode rejection) and a higher input impedance.
The question is somewhat vague, but basically any valve that is operated with any form of electricity can be considered 'electro'. Esentually, it could be a simple on off type of valve whereby a coil designed to accept a certain voltage level and capable of handling a certain ammount of power (Voltage x Current) will form a magnetic field when the voltage is applied, and move an internal plug that either covers or uncovers an oriface, which will in turn open or close a valve. More involved 'electro' valves may have motors that will move a stem in a proportional way to open or close a port through a valve partially.
What does SAE mean on a flange?
It's a standard hydraulic flange. SAE = Society of Automotive Engineers.
What does a reactor consists of?
This question is too wide to be answered. If you mean a nuclear reactor, say so in the question. If you mean a chemical reaction vessel, say so and indicate what kind of reaction. If you mean something else, tell us what. Please submit a new question.
When a fault occurs in the electric bus (electric lines and intersections) due to short circuit between the phases or between 1 or more phase and ground, the current value mounts up to a very high value, which is known as bus fault current.
This high value of current may cause damages to the transformers and could also rupture the other electric lines connected to the bus.
Is a seesaw a compound machine?
A see-saw is a type of lever. Levers are simple machines. When you put two or more simple machines together, you get a compound machine.
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What is the meaning secondary process in engineering?
A secondary process is something that supports the primary process. Generating electricity is the primary process of a power plant.
A secondary process would be keeping the boiler supplied with steam. The primary process of an ice cream dispenser at Dairy Queen is to squeeze out ice cream.
A secondary process would be keeping the ice cream cold. Making red bricks is the primary process of a brick kiln.
Secondary processes would be firing the burners, and conveying the bricks through the kiln. If this helped, be sure to "Recommend" Kevlarster
Why is the gain and bandwidth of a ce-cb cascode amplifier greater than a ce amplifier?
Gain of ce-cb cascode is nearly equal to the gain of ce amplifier, because in a ce-cb cascode, the gain of the ce stage is equal to 1, and the gain of the cb stage is nearly equal to an isolated ce amplifier. Hence, gain of both are nearly equal.
On the other hand, Bandwidth of ce-cb cascode is much higher than the bandwidth of ce amplifier because the cb stage in the cascode configration is not subjected to any Miller effect, thereby improving the high frequency response. The absence of Miller effect is due to the fact that the base of the cb stage is grounded thus, shielding the collector signal from being fed back into the emitter input.
To be more clear, the gain of CE stage in cascode is nearly 1, which reduces the miller effect on the cb stage greatly.
The Schmid factor m is part of the equation for the critical resolved shear stress τ0.
The critical resolved shear stress is the component of shear stress in a slip plane, resolved in the direction of slip, necessary to initiate slip in a grain (plastic deformation in metals).
m = cos(κ)cos(λ) ; τ0 = mσ
κ - the angle between the applied load direction and the slip plane normal.
λ - the angle between the applied load direction and the slip direction.
σ - the applied stress or load
The tool cutting edge is set at 90' to the direction of movement. The effectiveness of the tool depends greatly upon the slope of the active surface of the tool. The tool would tend to curl the chip in the form of a clock spring or a flat spiral. This is not the best form of chip for efficient metal removal. The disposal of such chips present difficulties, particularly in turning as the chip will stay on top of the tool holder and may damage the workpiece's surface.
Value Engineering is a body of knowledge as a technique in which the value of a system's outputs is optimized by crafting a mix of performance (Function) and costs. In most cases this practice identifies and removes unnecessary expenditures, thereby increasing the value for the manufacturer and/or their customers.
Value Engineering uses rational logic (a unique "how" - "why" questioning technique) and the analysis of Function to identify relationships that increase Value. It is considered a quantitative method similar to the Scientific Method, which focuses on Hypothesis - Conclusion to test relationships, and Operations Research, which uses model building to identify predictive relationships.
VALUE ANALYSIS -- The Job Plan
Value Engineering is often done by systematically following a multi-stage Job Plan. IT IS a 8-step procedure , called the Value Analysis Job Plan. Others have varied the Job Plan to fit their constraints. One modern version has the following eight steps:
PREPARATION
INFORMATION
ANALYSIS
CREATION
EVALUATION
DEVELOPMENT
PRESENTATION
FOLLOW-UP
Four basic steps in the VALUE ANALYSIS Job Plan are:
Information gathering - This asks what the requirements are for the object. Function analysis, an important technique in value engineering, is usually done in this initial stage. It tries to determine what functions or performance characteristics are important. It asks questions like; What does the object do? What must it do? What should it do? What could it do? What must it not do?
Alternative generation (Creation) - In this stage value engineers ask; What are the various alternative ways of meeting requirements? What else will perform the desired function?
Evaluation - In this stage all the alternatives are assessed by evaluating how well they meet the required functions and how great will the cost savings be.
Presentation - In the final stage, the best alternative will be chosen and presented to the client for final decision.
How it works
VE follows a structured thought process to evaluate options.
Gather information
1. What is being done now?
Who is doing it?
What could it do?
What must not to do?
Measure
2. How will the alternatives be measured?
What are the alternate ways of meeting requirements?
What else can perform the desired function?
Analyze
3. What must be done?
What does it Cost?
Generate
4. What else will do the job?
Evaluate
5. Which Ideas are the best?
6. Develop and Expand Ideas What are the impacts? What is the cost? What is the performance?
7. Present Ideas Sell Alternatives
VALUE ENGINEERING
Value engineering is an approach to productivity improvement that attempts to increase the value obtained by a customer of a product by offering the same level of functionality at a lower cost.
Value engineering is sometimes used to apply to this process of cost reduction prior to manufacture, while "value analysis" applies the process to products currently being manufactured.
Both attempt to eliminate costs that do not contribute to the value and performance of the product (or service, but the approach is more common in manufacturing).
Value engineering, thus, critically examines the contribution made to product value by each feature of a design. It then looks to deliver the same contribution at lower cost.
Different types of value are recognised by the approach :
Use value relates to the attributes of a product which enable it to perform its function.
Cost value is the total cost of producing the product.
Esteem value is the additional premium price which a product can attract because of its intrinsic attractiveness to purchasers.
Exchange value is the sum of the attributes which enable the product to be exchanged or sold.
Although the relative magnitude of these different types of value will vary between products, and perhaps over the life of a product, VE attempts to identify the contribution of each feature to each type of value through systematic analysis and structured creativity enhancing techniques.
Value engineering programs are best delivered by multi-skilled teams consisting of designers, purchasing specialists, operations personnel, and financial analysts.
Pareto analysis is often used to prioritise those parts of the total design that are most worthy of attention. These are then subject to rigorous scrutiny. The team analyses the function and cost of those elements and tries to find any similar components that could do the same job at lower cost.
Common results are a reduction in the number of components, the use of cheaper materials, or a simplification of the process
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VALUE ENGINEERING CAN BE APPLIED TO ANY MANUFACTURING,
HERE IS AN EXAMPLE OF TRACTOR MANUFACTURING
FIRM IN THE FOLLOWING AREAS
1.TRACTOR DESIGN
-make the design simple
- easy to use
-reduce COMPLICATED / expensive parts.
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2.TRACTORS RAW MATERIAL / PARTS PROCUREMENT
-establish the demand planning system [ reduce the fluctuations in production]
-establish the inventories of raw materials [ reduce the cost of stock holding]
-establish the economic order quantity [ """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""]
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3. TRACTORS PRODUCTION PLANNING
-establish an effective / efficient production planning system [ cost savings]
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4.TRACTORS PRODUCTION
-establish a lean production [ cost effective]
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5. TRACTORS TOTAL QUALITY ASSURANCE.
-set up quality assurance system to reduce quality problems/ rejections]
[ cost savings ]
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6.TRACTORS FINISHED GOOD INVENTORY
-match the finished stock inventory to market demand / sales requirements]
[ cost saving in stock holding ]
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7.TRACTORS CUSTOMER SERVICE
-provide effective customer order processing/order service/
timely despatch to customers.
[ adds value to customers / reduces distribution cost]
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8.TRACTORS AFTER SALES SERVICE
-offer warranty/ after sales service to customers
[ adds value to the product and increases sales ]
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TRACTORS MANUFACTURER CAN ADD VALUE/ REDUCE COST
BY APPLYING THE VALUE ANALYSIS -JOB PLAN TO EACH
OF THE ABOVE LISTED 8 STAGES OF TRACTORS MANUFACTURING.
Verification is a Systems Engineering Technical Process that is used for what?
Confirming that a system element meets its design-to specification
What mineral has the lowest number on the Mohs scale?
It's Talc. is chips easily with just your fingernail.
Amplifiers comes in IC packages diagram is triangle with +/- input by adding a resistor r1 in series to the - input the gain can be found by adding a resistor from output to the - input The + terminal must be satisfied with the proper resistor
Difference between basic and detail engineering?
Basic Engineering is having an idea of the process for evaluation basis.
Detail Engineering is the complete project implementation from paper work to starting a particular plant including layout, drawings, analysis, procurement, construction and finally leadig to commissioning of a facility.
P1 Material is the name given to Carbon Manganese Steel in the engineering industry
What is difference between Pneumatic test and Hydrostatic test?
For pnematic test you have to use Air as a media but In case of hydrotes you can use water as media.
What were the first engineering designs?
Probabaly the simple machines. They were some of the first tools discovered because they essentially form the basis for all tools used now.
How low do you have to fly to fly under radar?
It depends. Flying below radar is usually flying below the equipment used to detect things on radar. It could be a very high tower, hundreds of stories off of the ground, or it could be a satellite just a couple stories off of the ground.
