Epidemiology

An epidemic is when 7.7% of any given population is infected.

1 Koerner, Brendan I. 2003. Outbreaks vs. epidemics: whether it's time to freak about the flu. Slate [Internet]. [cited 31 May 2009]. Available from: http://www.slate.com/id/2092969/

1. The role of epidemiology in health policy formulation, planning and management

If health care professionals don’t look at the “how” and “why” involved in keeping populations healthy, the health of whole communities might be in jeopardy

Although there is a vaccine for this disease, it is not available in all countries. So, to try to prevent it, people should avoid coming in contact with infected animals and contaminated water or soil that carry the bacteria that causes this disease. Similarly, people should also use good hygiene. This disease causes symptoms, such as fevers, chills, diarrhea, and vomiting. This disease also affects both animals and humans.

The primary role of statistics in epidemiology is to make conclusions about a population of interest when data is only available from a sample. Statistics accounts for the uncertainty.

In epidemiological datasets there are usually measured observations of an occurance of a disease as well as measured indicators of exposure. An epidemiologist may for example be interested in whether exposure (e.g. smoking) increases the risk of disease (e.g. cancer). Information on smoking however may not be available for all people in the population of interest because of limited resources, so an epidemiologist would have to consider taking a sample. An epidemiologist would use a random sample in order to use statistics to to make inference about the association between smoking and cancer in the population. The role of statistics is to determine whether any association that is observed in the random sample is actually a real one. In most cases there will be some association even if it is very small. The role of the statistician is to determine if the association is different than what would occur by chance.

A communicable disease is a disease that can be transferred from an infected person to another individual. or A communicable disease is an infectious disease that can be transmitted from an infected organism to another. Examples of these include: Bird flu, cholera, Malaria, etc.

That branch of science which treats of epidemics.

bob and joe

Epidemiology is a branch of medicine sutying epidemics and the spread of diseases.

The gender and age should be the same.

cohort

bias

criteria for studying epidemiology

qualitative science

the strategy that will not help reduce selection bias is: