Fire Prevention and Protection

It depends. NFPA states that sprinklers over 50 years of age should be replaced or should have a representative sample tested. This means that sprinkler samples need to be pulled from the system and sent to a testing laboratory (UL) for testing. If the sprinkers pass this test, a certificate is issued stating that the sprinklers are still operational.

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A dry standpipe is a system of pipes with fire hose connection outlets inside a building, but it only has water in it when needed, as opposed to a wet standpipe in which water is always present at the hose-connection valves. There may optionally be a hose connected at some of the valve outlets for use by occupants before the fire department arrives with their own hoses.

Water can either be pumped in from a fire department connection (FDC) on the outside of the building, or can be supplied by other pressurized water supply, but in a dry-pipe system, the valve is not opened until water is needed.

An "automatic-dry" standpipe normally contains only pressurized air and valves sensors open the main water valve when the air pressure drops (i.e., someone opens a valve). A "manual-dry" system requires an external source of water and pressure, fed into the FDC. Note that these are not approved under Canadian building and fire codes.

NFPA 14 has more information about the standards for standpipes.

NFPA 1141, Standard for Fire Protection Infrastructure for Land Development in Wildland, Rural, and Suburban Areas, is cross-referenced in NFPA 1 regarding MANDATORY sections of the Fire Code.

If the local authority has not properly adopted an equivalent standard, and has simply chosen not to use 1141, that would be an issue for the insurance companies that provide fire insurance ratings in that community.

There may also be administrative channels in the state fire marshal's office to help educate the local authorities regarding their obligations to provide a reasonable level of public safety, where violation of a national standard may be considered evidence of negligence.

In a deluge system the water comes out of all sprinkler heads at once, compared with most fire sprinkler systems in which each sprinkler head has its own heat-sensitive trigger.

There are major design differences in how much water you need for a deluge system and what safety interlocks are built into the system to prevent accidental water damage.

Ordinary Hazard Group 1 density is 0.15 gpm/sq ft over 1500 sq ft if wet pipe system Ordinary Hazard Group II density is 0.20 gpm/sq ft over 1500 sq ft if wet pipe system (according to NFPA 13) There are factors that can change the density and area requirements depending on variou sfactors, but in general the above densities/area are correct.

Train people to be aware of fire safety.

Be extremely careful when cooking. Over 40 percent of all residential fires are from cooking.

Do not use open flame where it is not necessary.

Keep flammable liquids and other fuels away from any source of heat or sparks.

Fire sprinklers and supporting pumps are considered "plumbing".

Extra hazard occupancies require densities of either 0.30 gpm/sq ft or 0.40 gpm/sq ft, for which the maximum head layout is 100 sq ft per NFPA 13.

There are some sprinkler heads in the market that allow coverages up to 196 sq ft with a special listing. Tyco EC-25 and EC-17, and Reliable MBEC-14 are some of the heads that can be used with certain restrictions.

Active fire protection includes anything that is triggered to put out a fire or "activates" to stop or slow the spread of fire.

Passive fire protection includes things that prevent fire or spread by simply being in the way at all times.

Backdraft is caused when large amounts of oxygen reenters places where there is both a fire and lack of oxygen. In a building fire, a opened window or door is likely to cause a backdraft.

The smoke and heat will move upward. u should crawl so u can see going and if u are standing up you will see lots of smoke and u will not be able to breath Because heat rises and if you stand straight up and take one breath, It can burn your lungs and kill you.

RTI = response time index. It is a measure of how fast a sprinkler activates, obtained from testing.

A stadium is considered an "assembly occupancy" under NFPA 101 Life Safety Code and NFPA 1 National Fire Code.

Depending upon your particular issues, there would be cross-referenced standards that are also applicable to components such as sprinkler systems, fire extinguishers, construction types, use of LP-powered vehicles inside, etc, not to mention National Electrical Code (NFPA 70) and possibly dozens of others.

Technial Committees

Yes, if you mean a "torch" with a flame, such as a propane or butane torch. An electric flashlight, known as a torch in British English, would not have enough heat to set off an ordinary sprinkler.

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Fire safety deals strictly with the measure taken to avoid, control, and stop a fire outbreak, or to safely evacuate people from the location of a fire.

Industrial Safety deals with the measures taken to maintain safety in the workplace, including industries and shops, and to prevent or mitigate injury or property damage

HSE is an abbreviation for "Health, Safety, and Environment." HSE includes industrial safety, precautionary measures taken to prevent ill-health in the workplace from exposure to chemicals, heat, light, etc., and measures taken to avoid or minimize adverse impact on the environment as a result of industrial activity.

Exit signs are used to show people the fastest way to get out of a building. These can be essential during an emergency and are mandated to light up so that they can be seen even in a power outage.

It depends upon whether the door is used for egress or simply fire separation. In general, a sliding door cannot be counted as part of a required exit unless it also has an emergency hinged mode to swing out when pushed.

Specific rules of the local building code or NFPA 101 Life Safety Code (and similar) would determine the actual criteria for allowing them, if at all. Similar rules apply to roll-up fire doors that deploy automatically.

Sliding fire doors that are not within any exit path could have as much as a 5-hour fire rating, be automatically closing, could weigh hundreds of pounds, could automatically latch into place, and would probably kill anyone who got in the way or became trapped without another exit from smoke or fire.

maybe... water?

There are lighted signs at all exits and in complicated buildings, signs with arrows pointing towards the exits. These signs are standard size, lighted withe word "EXIT" in red, although green is gaining in popularity.

The international symbol for an "exit" sign is a "running man with a door frame", often in green and white. These signs sometimes include directional arrows to indicate how to proceed toward an exit.

Fire sprinklers have two major components that operate in response to a fire: the fire sprinkler heads which are connected via a series of pipes to a fire pumps. Water pressure is kept in the head by a series of valves in the pump. and is kept in the heads by little vials of colored liquid.

During a fire, the liquid inside the sprinkler heads heats up and starts to expand, eventually causing the vial to burst. Water that was kept in the pipes pours out of the sprinkler heads.

The water pouring out of the sprinkler heads causes the pressure in the fire pump to drop. In response, the pump kicks on and pumps more water from the municipal water supply to keep the sprinkler flowing.

NOTE: this is how "wet pipe" fire sprinklers, the most common types of fire sprinklers, work. Other sprinklers (dry pipe, deluge and pre-action) are slightly different.

The duration for watering your garden with a sprinkler typically ranges from 20 to 30 minutes, depending on the type of plants and soil. Aim for approximately 1 inch of water per week, including rainfall. To determine if you're achieving this, you can place a small container in the garden to measure the water output. Adjust the time based on your specific garden needs and local climate conditions.

International Code Council(ICC)