First Battle of Bull Run

That it was not going to be short and glorious.

The Union commander was General Irvin McDowell. Union General Patterson was assigned to prevent Southern troops from using a rail link to Bull Run. He did not do so, and thus was not at the battle site.

The Confederate commander was Joseph E. Johnston, who conceded some authority to P.G.T. Beauregard on account of the latter's familiarity with the terrain.

The average Northerner (and Southerner) expected it to be a short war, without any bloodshed. The Battle of Bull Run demonstrated that the war had not yet begun properly, that the armies were only starting to become trained and equipped, that the two sides were evenly matched, and that the country could expect a long, bloody war.

The First Battle of Bull Run was one of the first major battles that resulted in large armies facing one another and serious bloodshed. it shattered the Union's hope of winning the Civil War quickly and easily. The First Battle of Bull Run (also known as the First Battle of Manassas, July 21, 1861) The First Battle of Bull Run was a major wake up call to the North. Union Forces were routed by Beuregards forces. It was an indication that this would be a long and bloody war and would require new leadership and improved training to prepare the federal troops for sustained action in the field.

Ostensibly, the Confederates had larger numbers of cavalry, but this advantage was offset by the Union's superiority in artillery, and neither would play a decisive role in the battle. In infantry, both armies were rather evenly matched. Other than the inherent advantages of the defender in any conflict, the Confederates had superior communications. A Confederate signal tower sighted the Union advance across Sudely Ford, and the Union attack at the Stone Bridge was revealed as a feint. Realizing they were about to be flanked, enterprising Confederate officers turned to blunt the Union advance until Jackson's brigade arrived, followed by the rest of the Confederate Army. Even still, the battle swayed back and forth, with the Union Army gaining the upper hand until fresh Confederate troops arrived by train from the Shenandoah Valley. In addition to communications, the Confederates had the advantage of mobility, and First Bull Run (or First Manassas as we call it in the South) was the first battle in world history in which the railroad was a factor of victory.

Another way to explain the Confederate victory was the use of the tactic known as interior lines. In this case the forces of General Johnston met the Forces of General Beauregard via a rail connection. This was a perfect example of how interior lines work. Where needed, two armies can combine if they have for example a railway or water connection.

Probably, the things that came out were both due to overconfidence. First, the North thought it was going to be an easy victory, and in fact was soundly defeated, in fact, they were routed back to Washington.

The South became convinced that they could easily defeat the Yankees on any front.

APEX(= -The Confederate forces defeated the Union forces..

The battle of Bull Run was the first battle after Fort Sumter, the battle leading to the war. It was fought on July 21, 1861 and it was a Southern win. The 2 commanders of the war were General McDowell commanding 28,000 men and Comander Bearguard commanding 3,3000 Confederates. General McDowell was defeated by the Confederates. The battle was named after a flowing stream that was by the battle site.

That this was not going to be a short and glorious war.

The Second Battle of Bull Run (or Second Manassas) resulted in a nasty defeat for the Union Army. The battle was nearly a rout, but effective rearguard action kept the Union Army intact. The poor performance of the Union Army and its leader, General Pope, set the stage for the Battle of Antietam, Maryland, which is sometimes called the bloodiest day in American History. This series of battles had the effect of prolonging the war and increasing the slaughter.

The Confederates were not sufficiently well-organised to pursue and destroy the Union army. But they were content with their gains.

The Union army straggled back to Washington, where they hung around the streets in disorder and low morale, before being re-organised by the brisk and popular young General George McClellan.

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There were 753 reported Union deaths and 361 Confederated deaths at the Battle of Chattanooga.

The Battle of First Manassas (Bull Run) began at about 6:30 A.M. and lasted to about 4:30 P.M. July 21, 1861.

The Union lost again, but General John Pope withdrew his army in good order. Confederate General Lee established himself as a capable field commander. The defeat in basically the same place as the first Bull Run was an embarrassing defeat as well.

The first Battle of Bull Run took place at Manassas, a rail head only 25 miles from Washington DC. The nearby stream of Bull Run caused this battle to have this name, over the other choice of the Battle of Mansaas.

Command of the Union army was given to George McLellan.

The Confederate army was still commanded by Joe Johnston until he was wounded the following spring at Seven Pines, and replaced by Robert E. Lee.

1. The union General Patterson was supposed to occupy Confederate general Johnson in the Shenandoah Valley to prevent he joining Beauregard. But a few confederate outposts made lots of noise to occupy Patterson, while Johnson's men marched to Manassas. Their arrival, together with the brave stand of the Virginians under Thomas Jackson turned the tide battle.
They lost it because the were under-trained and overconfident.

The Northerners had to cross the Bull Run River in order to fight the battle, but the Southerners did not as they were already there. For them, nearby Manassas Junction where General Johnston's reinforcements arrvived by train was a more convenient landmark to denote the battle.

Union dead 1,724 Confederate dead 1,481 Union wounded 8,372 Confederate wounded 7,617 Union missing 5,958 Confederate missing 89 total Union 16,054

Confederate 9,197 Grand total 25,251 for 3 days of battle

Total number of troops

Union 60,000 Confederate 50,000

The North realisd the war would not endn a month and the South realised that their army was poorly organised.

The South thought that they won the war, because they won at Bull Run. The North realized it had underestimated its opponent.

April 62, Shiloh - End of Confederate control of Western Tennessee

June 62, Seven Days Battles - Lee's ascendancy in Virginia

August 62, Second Bull Run - Lee escapes destruction by the Union

September 62, Antietam - Union win, Lincoln free to issue the Proclamation

December 62, Fredericksburg - Lee decisively beats Burnside

May 63, Chancellorsville - Lee beats Hooker, but Stonewall killed

July 63, Gettysburg - End of Lee's hopes of invading the North

July 63, Vicksburg - Grant liberates the Mississippi

September 63, Chickamauga - Bragg defeats Rosecrans

November 63, Chattanooga - Grant and Thomas save Union army from starvation

May 64, Wilderness - Grant defeated by Lee, but doesn't retreat

June 64, Petersburg - Grant besieges Lee for 10 months

September 64, Atlanta - Sherman occupies and part-destroys the city

September 64, Mobile - Farragut liberates the blockade-runner's port

December 64, Nashville - Thomas destroys Army of Tennessee

April 65, Appomattox - Lee surrenders to Grant

April 65, Bentonville - Last battle before Johnston surrenders to Sherman