Fuel Cells

Gibbs free energy is the thermodynamic state function that measures the maximum electrical work that can be obtained from a fuel cell at constant temperature and pressure. It represents the balance between the system's enthalpy, entropy, and temperature.

Yeast cells can be used in alternative fuel production through the process of fermentation, where they break down sugars to produce ethanol. This ethanol can be used as a biofuel in vehicles, reducing greenhouse gas emissions compared to traditional gasoline. Yeast cells are efficient at converting sugars to ethanol, making them a valuable tool in the production of alternative fuels.

oxygen and hydrogen makes electricity and water

In a fuel cell, oxygen is typically obtained from the air through intake vents, while hydrogen can be supplied either through storage tanks or through a reformer that converts other fuels into hydrogen. These two gases then react in the fuel cell to produce electricity, water, and heat as byproducts.

Anyone can do it, but the problem is doing it efficiently enough so that it competes with the price of Oil.


1. Grow some algae in a vat using photosynthesis to turn CO2 and sunlight into sugar.

2. Dump out the algae into a filter, collect the sugars.

3. Feed the sugar to a rat in a cage. The rat turns a crank, producing electricity.

4. Have the electricity run through water, separating the oxygen from the hydrogen.

5. Collect up the Hydrogen and put it in the fuel cell.


The only problem is that the amount of energy we need to roll back INTO the process of making the energy is so large that this process won't compete with oil.

How to do it efficiently? Well get your top geneticists on the ball at editing the DNA code to get the algae to produce hydrogen instead of sugar. It can be done. It's just very hard.

This guy Chris Martenson talks about the problem:

http://www.chrismartenson.com/crashcourse

The hydrogen fuel cell operates similar to a battery. It has two electrodes, an anode and a cathode, separated by a membrane. Oxygen passes over one electrode and hydrogen over the other.The hydrogen reacts to a catalyst on the electrode anode that converts the hydrogen gas into negatively charged electrons (e-) and positively charged ions.The electrons flow out of the cell to be used as electrical energy. The hydrogen ions move through the electrolyte membrane to the cathode electrode where they combine with oxygen and the electrons to produce water. Unlike batteries, fuel cells never run out. In principle, a fuel cell operates like a battery. Unlike a battery, a fuel cell does not run down or require recharging. It will produce energy in the form of electricity and heat as long as fuel is supplied.

Appropriately injected graphene (and boron nitride hBN) can allow energetics to get through it, offering the potential for using graphene layers as a barrier that blocks liquid atoms. They could even be used to gather hydro energy out of the atmosphere that could power electric generators with ambient space.

The membranes are more effective at elevated temperatures and when covered with nanoparticles.

Graphene could solve a major problem for fuel cells: fuel intersection for efficiency and durability.

The two gases used to produce electricity in fuel cells are hydrogen (H2) as the fuel and oxygen (O2) as the oxidant. In a fuel cell, hydrogen is fed to the anode (negative electrode) and oxygen is supplied to the cathode (positive electrode), where they react to produce water, heat, and electricity through an electrochemical process called the oxidation-reduction reaction.

Oversizing a heat pump system can lead to several issues, including reduced efficiency and increased energy costs. The system may cycle on and off frequently, known as short cycling, which can cause wear and tear on components and lead to premature failure. Additionally, an oversized unit may not effectively dehumidify the air, resulting in uncomfortable humidity levels indoors. Overall, proper sizing is crucial for optimal performance and longevity of the system.

Both fuel cells and primary cells are devices that convert chemical energy into electrical energy. The main difference is that primary cells use stored chemical energy in the form of a non-rechargeable chemical reaction, while fuel cells continuously receive fuel and an oxidizing agent to generate electricity through a controlled chemical reaction.

There are a few different types of vehicles that use hydrogen fuel. You can find cars and other forms of transport that use hydrogen, but the biggest consumer would have to be hydrogen fueled space rockets.

Only if the marketplace demands it. Like everything else, "Supply and Demand."

Alternative energy

i dont know

kryptonite

Oxygen diffuses through the cathode

Hydrogen fuel cells are generally considered strong in terms of their efficiency and environmental benefits, as they produce only water as a byproduct when generating electricity. They offer high energy density and can be rapidly refueled, making them suitable for various applications, including transportation. However, challenges such as hydrogen production, storage, and infrastructure development can be seen as weaknesses. Overall, their potential for clean energy makes them a promising technology in the transition to sustainable energy solutions.

A fuel cell is different from a battery cell in so far as reactants are constantly supplied to a fuel cell making it an open system whereas a battery cell is a closed system that stores the reactants within it. A fuel cell works as long as fuel is supplied to it whereas a battery cell requires regular replacements.

A fuel cell is an electrochemical device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy. It is important for spacecraft because it provides a reliable and efficient power source for long-duration missions in space. Fuel cells can generate electricity using hydrogen and oxygen as fuel, producing water as a byproduct, which is crucial for life support systems on spacecraft.

bob the builder