History of Singapore

• 10,000 B.C. - Early Chinese account of Singapore describes the island of "Pu Luo Chung".
• 13th century - The port of Temasek is founded by Sang Nila Utama, a prince of Srivijaya.
• 1320 - The Mongol court sends a mission to obtain elephants from Long Ya Men (or Dragon's Tooth Strait), believed to be Keppel Harbour.
• 1330s - The Chinese traveller Wang Dayuan visits Temasek.
• 1390s - Parameswara, the last Srivijayan prince, flees to Temasek.
• 1414 - Temasek becomes part of the Sultanate of Malacca established by Parameswara.
• 1511 - Temasek becomes part of Sultanate of Johor after Malacca fell to the Portuguese.
• 1613 - Portuguese burn down a trading outpost at the mouth of Singapore River.
• 1 700

• 1819 - 29 January - Stamford Raffles arrives in Singapore with William Farquhar to establish a trading post for the British East India Company.
• 1819 - 6 February - The treaty is signed between Sultan Hussein of Johor, Temenggong Abdul Rahman and Stamford Raffles. Farquhar is installed as Resident of the settlement.
• 1822 - Raffles drafts the Raffles Plan of Singapore to reorganise the island.
• 1823 - Dr John Crawfurd takes over as Resident.
• 1826 - Singapore becomes part of the British colony of Straits Settlements under the rule of the East India Company, together with Malacca and Penang.
• 1830 - Singapore comes under the Presidency of Bengal in India.
• 1832 - Singapore becomes the centre of government of the Straits Settlements.
• 1842 - St. Margaret's Girls School is founded by Maria Tarn Dyer, the first and oldest all girls' school in Singapore
• 1843 - Thomas Dunman, the first full-time police chief of Singapore, improves the police force as well as the pay and working hours of policemen.
• 1844 - The Tan Tock Seng Hospital begins operation.
• 1844 - 4 March - Raffles Girls' School is established.
• 1845 - The Straits Times is established.
• 1852 - A new deep harbour called New Harbour, later known as Keppel Harbour, is built. St Joseph's Institution [as St John's Institution] established.
• 1858 - Singapore is placed under the hierarchy of the Government of India, remaining as part of the Straits Settlements.
• 1858 - Commercial Square is renamed Raffles Place.
• 1859 - The Singapore Botanic Gardens is founded.
• 1867 - 1 April - Straits Settlements become a crown colony of British Empire.
• 1869 - The Suez Canal opens, and Singapore enjoys the increase in trade
• 1877 - The Chinese Protectorate is set up, and William Pickering becomes the head of it.
• 1885 - Gan Eng Seng School was established at Telok Ayer Street
• 1886 - Anglo-Chinese School established.
• 1887 - Methodist Girls' School established.
• 1887 - The Raffles Hotel is built.
• 1888 - Henry Ridley becomes the director of the Singapore Botanic Gardens.
• 1888 - The Singapore Fire Brigade was formed.
• 1892 - The Tanjong Pagar Police Station opens, and many Sikh policemen are recruited.
• 1899 - Singapore Chinese Girls' School

• 1906 - The Nanyang branch of Tongmenghui is set up in Singapore.
• 1906 - Tao Nan School established by the Hokkien Huay Kuan.
• 1912 - The Singapore Harbour Board is set up.
• 1915 - 15-25 February - The Singapore Mutiny occurred as British Muslim Indian sepoys rose up against the British.
• 1917 - Nanyang Girls' High School was established by Tan Chor Nam , partially due to Dr Sun Yat Sen's belief in education for girls.
• 1919 - The Chinese High School established by Tan Kah Kee.
• 1922 - Singapore becomes the main British naval base in East Asia.
• 1932 - Tanjong Pagar Railway Station is opened.
• 1935 - Catholic High School, the first bicultural and bilingual school in Singapore, was founded.
• 1937 - 12 June - Kallang Airport is opened.

• 1941 - 7/8 December - In an extensive three-pronged attack, Japan opens hostilities with the Allies and their colonies. First air raid on Singapore at 4:15 am. The Imperial Japanese Army invades Malaya.
• 1941 - 10 December - The British battleship HMS Prince of Wales and battlecruiser HMS Repulse are sunk by Japanese bombers.
• 1941 - 31 December - The Straits Chinese Volunteer Corps (Dalforce) is set up in Singapore, led by Tan Kah Kee.
• 1942 - 1 January - Second air raid on Singapore at night, after a three-week hiatus. Nightly raids commence thereafter.
• 1942 - 12 January - First daylight air raid on Singapore. Henceforth, the island is bombed both day and night, everyday.
• 1942 - 31 January - Malaya falls to the Japanese and the Causeway is blown up to delay Japan's advancement to Singapore.
• 1942 - 1 February - The siege of Singapore begins. The Japanese in Johor Bahru begin shelling the island daily in addition to daily aerial bombing.
• 1942 - 9 February - The Japanese cross the Strait of Johor by inflatable boats and land in Singapore during the Battle of Singapore.
• 1942 - 11 February - The Japanese and Allied soldiers fight fiercely at Bukit Timah.
• 1942 - 13 February - The Malay regiment, led by Lt. Adnan bin Saidi, fight bravely against the Japanese at Pasir Panjang Ridge in the Battle of Pasir Panjang.
• 1942 - 14 February - The Japanese have captured most of Singapore, and most of the population is crammed into the city centre.
• 1942 - 15 February - The British surrenders and the Japanese Occupation of Singapore starts. Singapore is renamed Syonan (Light of the South).
• 1942 - February/March - The Japanese military police, the Kempei Tai kills an estimated 25,000 to 50,000 people during Sook Ching Massacre.
• 1944 - March - Lim Bo Seng is captured by the Japanese, and dies after 3 months of torture.
• 1945 - 14 August Japan surrenders, and there is anomie and looting for nearly a month when the British do not return immediately.
• 1945 - 5 September - The British return to Singapore after the end of World War II and begin a military administration of the Straits Settlements.
• 1946 - 1 April - The Straits Settlements is dissolved and Singapore becomes a separate crown colony.
• 1947 - May - Severe food shortage leads to record-low rice ration, causing malnutrition, disease and outbreak of crime and violence.
• 1947 - A large number of strikes occur causing stoppages in public transport, public services and the harbour.
• 1948 - Rubber plantations and tin mines in Malaya are destroyed by communists, and the British declares the state of Emergency over Singapore and Malaya.
• 1948 - 20 March - Singapore's first limited election is held, with 6 seats in the Legislative Council. The Singapore Progressive Party wins 3 seats.
• 1948 - 18 June - Malayan Emergency begins, Singapore declared a State of Emergency a week later.
• 1949 - The University of Malaya is formed following the merger of Raffles College and King Edward Medical College.

• 1950 - 11-13 December - 18 people are killed during the Maria Hertogh riots.
• 1951 - The number of elected seats is increased to 9 in the second election.
• 1953 - Rendel Commission is appointed to make recommendations for Singapore's self-government.
• 1954 - May - Chinese school students demonstrate against the British due to the National Service proposal. See Anti-National Service Riots
• 1955 - 12 May - Four people are killed during the Hock Lee bus riots.
• 1955 - 2 April - The Labour Front wins the most seats in election and David Saul Marshall becomes the first Chief Minister of Singapore.
• 1956 - June - David Saul Marshall appeals to the United Kingdom for full self-government, but resigns when he fails. Lim Yew Hock takes over as Chief Minister.
• 1956 - October - Riots by pro-communist Chinese school students occur when government closes down a student union.
• 1956 - - River Valley High School, Singapore (formally known as Singapore Government Chinese Middle School), became the first Chinese secondary school established by the government.
• 1959 - March - Lim Yew Hock successfully gains full self-government for Singapore.
• 1959 - May - People's Action Party (PAP) wins the General Election and Lee Kuan Yew becomes the first Prime Minister.
• 1959 - Encik Yusof bin Ishak becomes the Head of State of Singapore.
• 1959 - 3 June - A celebration is held at the Padang for Singapore gaining full self-government.
• 1959 - 3 December - The national anthem Majulah Singapura, written by Zubir Said, is presented.

• 1960 - The Housing and Development Board is set up.
• 1961 - 25 May - The Bukit Ho Swee Fire kills four people and destroys 2,200 attap houses.
• 1961 - 27 May - Tunku Abdul Rahman, the Prime Minister of Malaya, proposes a merger between Singapore, Malaya, Sabah and Sarawak.
• 1962 - 1 September - A referendum is held in Singapore to vote on merger with Malaysia.
• 1963 - February - During Operation Coldstore, 107 left-wing politicians and trade unionists are arrested by Internal Security Department
• 1963 - 9 July - The Malaysia Agreement is signed between leaders of Malaya, Singapore, Sabah and Sarawak.
• 1963 - 31 August - In this Malaysia Solidarity Day, Lee Kuan Yew declares the Independence for Singapore.
• 1963 - 16 September - Malaysia is formed. Indonesia carries out its konfrontasi campaign.
• 1963 - 21 September - The PAP wins the 1963 State Elections, defeating the Barisan Sosialis and UMNO.
• 1964 - The PAP wins one seat in the Malaysian Federal Election. UMNO is outraged.
• 1964 - 21 July - There is an ethnic riot between various Malays and Chinese, on Prophet Muhammad's birthday, 23 people are killed.
• 1965 - 10 March - Indonesian saboteurs carry out the MacDonald House bombing, killing three people.
• 1965 - May - Lee Kuan Yew begins campaigning for a Malaysian Malaysia
• 1965 - 7 August - Singapore and Malaysia sign the separation agreement.
• 1965 - 9 August - The Malaysian Parliament votes to expel Singapore from the Federation; Singapore becomes independent after separating from Malaysia.
• 1965 - 21 September - Singapore is admitted into the United Nations as the 117th member.
• 1965 - October - Singapore becomes the 22nd member of the Commonwealth.
• 1965 - 22 December - Constitutional Amendment Act is passed and Yusof bin Ishak becomes the first President of Singapore.
• 1967 - 15 February - The Civilian Memorial is unveiled at the Kranji War Cemetery
• 1967 - 14 March - The National Service bill is passed in the parliament.
• 1967 - 28 March - Registrations for national service begins at the Central Manpower Base.
• 1967 - 12 June - The issue of the first Singapore Dollar.
• 1967 - July - The first batch of the army is drafted for national service.
• 1967 - 8 August- Singapore is the founding member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).
• 1968 - January - Britain announces its intention to withdraw its armed forces from Singapore.
• 1968 - April - The PAP wins all seats in the 1968 General Election, which is boycotted by Barisan Sosialis.
• 1969 - 31 May - The 1969 Race Riots of Singapore broke out after growing tension of the 13 May Incident in Malaysia spilled over to Singapore.

• 1970 - May - The National Junior College, Singapore's first junior college, opens.
• 1971 - 2 January - Dr Benjamin Henry Sheares becomes the second President of Singapore.
• 1971 - 31 October - The last British military forces withdraws from Singapore.
• 1972 - 2 September - The PAP wins the 1972 General Election.
• 1972 - The Singapore Airlines is formed.
• 1973 - The first Chingay Parade is held in Singapore.
• 1973 - The construction of the National Stadium is completed.
• 1973 - The Presidential Council for Minority Rights is set up to ensure minority would not be discriminated.
• 1974 - Hwa Chong Junior College, Singapore's first government-aided junior college and the premiere institution of the nation, was established.
• 1974 - 31 January - Laju incident: Japanese Red Army bombs petroleum tanks at Pulau Bukom and hijacks a ferry boat.
• 1976 - The PAP wins all 69 seats in the 1976 General Election.
• 1978 - 12 October - Spyros disaster
• 1979 - Singapore becomes the world's second busiest port in terms of shipping tonnage.

• 1980 - The PAP wins all 75 seats in the 1980 General Election.
• 1981 - 1 July - Singapore Changi Airport starts operation.
• 1981 - 24 October - C V Devan Nair becomes the third President of Singapore.
• 1981 - 31 October - Workers' Party of Singapore's Joshua Benjamin Jeyaretnam elected into Parliament, breaking a 16 years PAP monopoly of the House.
• 1982 - The Courtesy Campaign and the Civil Defence Programme are launched.
• 1983 - 29 January - Eniwetok, a Panamanian-registered oil rig, hits the Singapore Cable Car system, sending two cabins plunging into the sea and killing seven people.
• 1984 - The PAP wins the 1984 General Election while two members of the opposition parties are elected as members of parliament. Three PAP women MPs are also elected, ending a 16 years absence of women representation in Parliament.
• 1984 - Non-Constituency Member of Parliament was introduced.
• 1985 - 2 September - Wee Kim Wee becomes the fourth President of Singapore.
• 1986 - 15 March - The Hotel New World collapses, killing 33 people.
• 1987 - 21 May - 16 people were arrested during Operation Spectrum and detained under the Internal Security Act. Another six were arrested on 20 June.
• 1988 - 3 September - The PAP wins the 1988 General Election and group representation constituencies (GRC)s are introduced.

• 1990 - 6 July - The East West Line of the Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) is completed.
• 1990 - 22 November - Singapore Changi Airport Terminal 2 begins operation.
• 1990 - 28 November - Goh Chok Tong becomes the second Prime Minister of Singapore.
• 1991 - 26 March - Four Pakistanis hijack Singapore Airlines Flight 117 and demand the release of Pakistan Peoples Party members from Pakistani jails.
• 1991 - 27 March - Members of the Singapore Special Operations Force storm into Singapore Airlines Flight 117, killing all hijackers and freeing all passengers and crew members.
• 1993 - 1 September - Ong Teng Cheong becomes the first directly-elected President.
• 1994 - 5 May - American teenager Michael P. Fay is convicted and caned for vandalism.
• 1996 - The parliament passes the Maintenance of Parents law, a private member's bill introduced by Nominated Member of Parliament Woon Cheong Ming Walter.
• 1997 - 19 December - Silkair Flight 185 crashes into Musi River near Palembang, Sumatra, killing all 104 people onboard.
• 1998 - 15 January - Singapore and United States announces agreement for US ships to use a planned $35 million naval base from 2000.
• 1998 - September - "The Singapore Story", the first volume of Lee Kuan Yew's memoirs is published
• 1999 - Sellapan Ramanathan becomes the President of Singapore
• 1999 - Singapore slips into recession during the Asian financial crisis.

• 2000 - 1 September - Speaker's Corner is launched at Hong Lim Park
• 2000 - 31 October - Singapore Airlines Flight 006 crashes during take-off in Chiang Kai Shek International Airport, killing 83 people.
• 2001-2003 - Economic recession in Singapore.
• 2001 - January - A pipeline feeding gas to Singapore from Indonesia's Natuna field in South China Sea opens.
• 2001 - 3 November - The PAP wins 82 of 84 seats in the 2001 General Election.
• 2001 - 9 December - 15 suspected militants of Jemaah Islamiah are arrested for alleged bomb plot.
• 2001 - 27 December - Typhoon Vamei, a rare typhoon that occurs only once in 100 to 400 years, hits Singapore.
• 2002 - 13 January - Singapore and Japan sign the Japan-Singapore Economic Agreement.
• 2003 - April - SARS virus outbreak in Singapore and other parts of Asia.
• 2003 - 6 May - Singapore and United States sign the United States-Singapore Free Trade Agreement (USS-FTA).
• 2003 - 29 October - A major research center Biopolis opens.
• 2004 - 20 April - A section of Nicoll Highway collapses, killing 4 people.
• 2004 - National Service was reduced from two and half years to two years.
• 2004 - 12 August - Lee Hsien Loong, Lee Kuan Yew's Son becomes the third Prime Minister.
• 2005 - 15 January - Singapore and Malaysia settle dispute over land reclamation work.
• 2005 - 18 April - Singapore government approves plan to legalise casino gambling and build two Integrated Resorts.
• 2005 - 8 July - In the aftermath of the 7 July 2005 - London bombings, Transport Minister Yeo Cheow Tong announces plan to set up a new Police MRT Unit to enhance the security of Singapore's public transport. (CNA)
• 2005 - 17 August - S R Nathan returns for his second term as President, following a walkover in the Singapore presidential election, 2005.
• 2005 - 27 August - White Elephant Incident at Buangkok MRT Station.
• 2006 - 6 May - The PAP, led by Lee Hsien Loong, wins 82 of 84 seats in the General Election.
• 2008 - 9 January - Singapore Changi Airport opens its third passenger terminal.
• 2008 - 21 March - Jemiah Islamiah terrorist head Mas Selamat bin Kastari escapes from prison.
• 2008 - September- Singapore slips into recession due to the global financial crisis. World economies hit badly; banks around the world collapse.
• 2008 - 16 October - Singapore government guarantees all local and foreign currency fixed deposits with a $ 150 billion pool for that in view of the financial crisis, joining governments around the world in doing so.

8 hours.

A Singapore time of 7.30am will be 11.30pm the priorevening in London.

usually 7 hours, but it depends on the time of the year

Between the last Sunday of March and the last Sunday of October, Singapore is seven hours ahead of London. During that time, when it's 8 PM SGT in Singapore, it's 1 PM BST in London.

Between the last Sunday of October and the last Sunday of March, Singapore is eight hours ahead of London. During that time, when it's 8 PM SGT in Singapore, it's 12 noon GMT in London.

Germany 2,800,000

Britain 400,000

France 212,000 dead

Italy 330,000 dead

Japan 1,900,000 dead

China 4,000,000 dead

Australia 23,000 dead

Romania 500,000 dead

Poland 400,000 dead

Hangary 300,000 dead

Yugoslavia 300,000 dead

Finland 100,000 dead

Philippines 30,000 dead

India 36,000 dead

Hopefully this helps!
The amount of soldiers who died in World War II is over 16,000,000 for the Allies and over 8,000,000 for the Axis so the total is over 24,000,000. If you add civilians to the total then the total number of casualties is over 93,000,000.

Pros

First there is politcal benefits. Singapore wants to be independent. 1963 federation of malaysia constitution, through merger in 1963 with an independent malaya, singapore achieved full independence from British. Before the merger, British is unwilling to grant singapore independence giving the excuse that singapore is not strong enough and have limited resources to be independet. For malaya, merger was a way to check rising threat of communism in Singapore which might result to a threaten to the safety of malaya. Malaya is very successful in handling communist problems, one example is The Emergency.

Secondly, there is economic benefits. Singapore has limited resources and by merging with malaysia, malaysia acts as a hinterland for singapore and provides singapore with the resource. Furthremore, singapore has a small market and by merging with malaysia, it increases size of market and hence benefit singapore economically. Malysia on the other hand also wants to be benfited by singapore since singapore has more than 2500 firmst and a population of 1.7millon and is the most important port in south east asia.

Cons

However, because of the merger, federak government's fear of PAP's domination in malaysia politics. The failure of Alliance leader in KL to enable the Malays in Singapore to gain more seats in the Singapore Legislative Assmebly during the 1963 elections caused the alliance leader to feel very bitter about the defeat. Tunku even came to singapore and expressed his disappointment,this resulted to tension and bitter relationship. Furthremore, singapore promised not to participate in federal elections but did not keep its promise. Lee Kuan Yew and others participated in the federal election, although they only won a few seats but malays felt threatened by Singapore. Moreover, malaysia keep emphasizing on Malay being a superior race but Singapore felt that everyone is equal. Hence, the fear of Chinese domination in Malysian politics was a dominant threat felt amongst malay leaders. There are many riots for example the Geylang gaswork riot on Prophet Muhamad's birthday which resulted in injuries and the damage of properties.

Singapore did not benefit as much in the common market because the Central government was not convinced to promote new industries in Singapore. When foreign industries want to set up industries in Singapore, the centre government always delay and disagree. Singapore also recieved very few certificats of pioneer status. Singapore leaders felt very frustrated to threatened to boycott british goods. Resulted to upsetting relationship. Tax charges to protect malaysian industry is very frustrating. Singapore's light bulb industries suffered because of the imposition of duty on imports of light bulbs just when light bulb factories are going to be set up and 50000 people are unable to get their jobs because of this.