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Industrial Engineering
Industrial Engineering is the branch of engineering that deals with the creation and management of systems that integrate people and materials and energy in productive ways. An industrial engineer studies industrial productivity and makes and implements recommended changes.
2,298 Questions
Why is the product development process said to be iterative in nature?
Even with the fantastic analytical tools we have today, almost never is a product developed that has no problems on the first prototype. Something unanticipated always shows up. Also, the experience of doing something really helps, so usually after designing and making a product prototype, ideas for improvements come. It's usually a few cycles before the improvements become so minor they are not worth the next iteration. It can be extremely difficult to know when to stop development on a product.
A weight class in mixed martial arts welterweight if that's what you mean
What are the main uses of brazing?
Brazing is the leading method of metal joining in many HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning) appliances and equipment. It is also commonly used in joining or repairing copper pipes. As a general rule, brazing is used when solid, leak proof joints must be made without melting the base metals (which rules welding and soldering out.)
Where a filler metal is heated above and spread between two or more close-fitting parts by capillary action. The filler metal is brought a little above its melting temperature while protected by a good enough atmosphere.Then it flows over the base metal (known as wetting) and then is cooled to join the workpieces together.The temperatures used to melt the filler metal is above 842 °F.
What does a transducer look like?
A transducer will take different appearances depending on the specific type. This is an electronic device that is used to convert one form of energy into another. A good example of a transducer is a microphone.
To measure things, or is that just too obvious? A.K.A. Vernier Callipers
What generalizations can you make about transition metals?
Transition metals are less reactive than alkali metals and alkaline-earth metals. They tend to be shiny and conduct thermal energy well.
Hope this helps!~ I first I didn't get it either. : )
What is formula for boiler efficiency?
- Input-output method
Output is defined as the heat that is absorbed by working fluid. Input is defined as the chemical heat of fuel plus the heat that is added to working fluid, air, gas and other fluid circuit in which the fluid circuit across thin layer.
- Heat Loss Method
There are several factors act as the source of heat loss combustion. These factors will be used to calculate boiler efficiency based on heat loss method. The source of heat loss can be seen as following below:
a. Heat loss due to dry flue gas
Heat loss due to dry flue gas is the heat loss which is contained in dry flue gas such as CO2, O2 and N2. These gases are one of causes of heat loss in combustion process. The high temperature of flue gas coming out from boiler affect amount of heat loss.
The weight and heat loss of dry flue gas of combustion of coal can be calculated as following formula:
Wdfg = mCO2 + mSO2 + mO2 + mN2
Eloss dfg = Wdfg x Cp x (To - Ts)
Where:
Wdfg = weight of dry flue gas (kg/kg coal)
Eloss dfg = heat loss in dry flue gas (kJ/kg)
To = temperature of dry flue gas coming out from boiler
Ts = temperature of surrounding
by Gajanan Nalegaonkar
Hi
Superheated steam is steam that is at a temperature higher than the saturation temperature for the steam pressure. For example, steam at a pressure of 3 bar g has a saturation temperature of 143.762°C. If further heat were to be added to this steam and the pressure remained at 3 bar g, it would become superheated.
So, desuperheating is the process by which superheated steam is restored to its saturated state, or the superheat temperature is reduced.
The idea behind desuperheating is that saturated steam has a better energy exchange capacity (U coefficient) than superheated steam.
Superheated steam must cool down before condensing, therefore it is less efficient than saturated steam in appliances such as heat exchangers.
Also, superheated steam is a thermal insulator, just like air.
Why liquid storage tanks are made thick near the bottom?
Because weight exerts pressure as it 'accumulates'. There is little weight at the top of the container, but as gravity attracts the liquid towards the bottom of the container, so the pressure is greatest there.
Put some water into a balloon and see where the pressure of the water pushes on the skin of the balloon.
What is crashing in CPM technique and what is time-cost ratio and how is it useful in crashing?
crashing is the technique of minimizing the total duration of a network of activities, mainly by reducing the duration of the critical path activities to the least possible magnitude.
Since the critical path is also the longest, the duration of this path has to be reduced. However any reduction in activity duration comes at the cost of increased cost due to extra resources required(like labor, electricity etc). Also note that simply reducing the duration of a critical path activity is meaningless unless the duration of parallel activities are also reduced by equal magnitude. Then and only then will the total duration get reduced.
Sometimes the non-critical path activities have floats(ie expendeble time). In such a case while crashing such an activity, first the floats are removed. Only then can its total duration be reduced.
What is the difference between SCXI and PXI?
I work for National Instruments. NI is one of the companies that defined PXI. PXI stands for PCI eXtensions for Instrumentation. It is like the PCI bus, but extended. This means that extra connections are available to share signals between multiple PXI peripherals.
SCXI stands for Signal Conditioning eXtensions for Instrumentation. Signal Conditioning is the general term for the process of making a signal more useful by improving its precision, accuracy, or signal-to-noise ratio.
Think about a sensor/transducer such as a thermocouple. In order to get quality temperature readings, you need to amplify the thermocouple signal. You should also filter out high frequencies, because while noise is high-frequency in most environments, temperature changes almost always happen very slowly.
SCXI can also handle switching, and has some multiplexer's in the background so that a separate ADC can capture the conditioned signals.
So, to put these two together, a real-world signal from a transducer goes into SCXI, which might then send the conditioned signal into a DAQ board in a PXI system.
Another key difference is that a PXI bus directly communicates to an operating system on a computer, while SCXI only does things to signals and passes them on to DAQ devices.
Basic mass air flow calculation in pipe?
Mass flow in air can be calculated if you know the pressure drop across the pipe. Then it can be calculated using Darcy's Equation for Pressure,which is: P2-P1 = (4fLv*v)/d*2*g where, P2 & P1 are pressures at two points in pipe, f = friction factor, L= length of pipe, v = velocity of fluid, d = diameter of pipe, g = gravity. from this formula we can calculate the velocity and hence the flow rate.
What expands when it is very hot or cold?
water, it freezes when it is cold and turns to steam when it is hot.
What is another name for industrial engineering?
Systems engineering and process engineering are both terms that are used as names for industrial engineering.
Demulsifier is type of chemical mostly used with or injected on wet crude oil,
D2 steel is a steel that is vacuum heat treated i.e raised to a high temp and rapidly cooled by a vacuum process it is an ideal steel to use for punch and dies or injection mould tools. It is a difficult material to machine and requires a special wheel for surface grinding after heat treatment. It also hardly moves during the treatment process so you can manufacture parts as thin as 2mm and leave only 0.004 for finish grinding.
D-2 is a high-carbon high-chromium tool steel manufactured for high abrasive wear applications. D-2 can be heat treated to RC 64. This grade as a low tempering temperature. Many of the common coatings can not be applied because the process temperature used to apply the coating is higher than the tempering temperature of the D-2 tool steel.
For this material, D2 tool steel, you can find detailed data check list at www dot astmsteel dot com/product/d2-tool-steel-1-2379-x153crmo12-skd11/.
The high chromium content gives this grade some stainless properties, although, it is not classified as a stainless steel.
D-2 is used for barrel liners in the plastic molding industry, die components in the metal stamping industry, and many other applications requiring high wear resistance in many other industries.
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Thermosetting plastics (thermosets) are polymer materials that irreversibly cure, to a stronger form. The cure may be done through heat (generally above 200 degrees Celsius), through a chemical reaction (two-part epoxy, for example), or irradiation such as electron beam processing.
Thermoset materials are usually liquid or malleable prior to curing and designed to be molded into their final form, or used as adhesives.
The curing process transforms the resin into a plastic or rubber by a cross-linking process. Energy and/or catalysts are added that cause the molecular chains to react at chemically active sites (unsaturated or epoxy sites, for example), linking into a rigid, 3-D structure. The cross-linkingprocess forms a molecule with a larger molecular weight, resulting in a material with a highermelting point. During the reaction, when the molecular weight has increased to a point so that the melting point is higher than the surrounding ambient temperature, the material forms into a solid material.
Uncontrolled reheating of the material results in reaching the decomposition temperature before the melting point is obtained. Therefore, a thermoset material cannot be melted and re-shaped after it is cured. This implies that thermosets cannot be recycled, except as filler material.[1]
Thermoset materials are generally stronger than thermoplastic materials due to this 3-D network of bonds, and are also better suited to high-temperature applications up to the decomposition temperature of the material.
Is aluminum the cheapest to use for soda cans?
If you take into account how easily it is formed to make the can and not just how much the metal itself costs, yes. And by a wide margin. Aluminum is more expensive to buy than something like sheets or rods or billets of, say, steel. But aluminum has properties that make it vastly easier to work and form than that steel. Aluminum is almost miraculous in its ability to be shaped and formed without cracking or breaking apart. It is strong, but ductile, and tough but workable by standard means. If you wish to watch a short vid about how an aluminum can is made, use the link below. Aluminum is the best choice for beverage containers. Food requires heavier cans, and we usually see steel applied there. You may have guessed that the original cans were made of tin, and the name has been hanging on with us. Check out that vid. It's worth the few minutes it takes to watch it.
What are modules in Smart plant instrumentation?
AdministrationBrowserInstrument IndexSpecificationCalculationProcess DataDocument BinderWiringLoop DrawingsHook-upsCalibrationMaintenanceConstructionDimensional Data for Piping (DDP)
