Light Bulbs and Artificial Lighting

If you divide the watts of the bulb by the supply voltage, that is the current. For example a 60 w bulb on a 240 v supply gives a current of 60/240 which is ¼ amp.

voltage drop across all the parallel elements is equal and it is equal to input voltage.

we know for home applications in voltage and frequency is fixed, ex: in India voltage=230v and frequency=50 Hz. All devices we used in home having voltage specification =230 to 240v, but different current. so home use parallel circuits.

To make this a bit more general, in a series circuit each device in the circuit has some dependence on all the other items. A simple example is a number of light bulbs in series. If any one light bulb burns out the circuit opens and all the other bulbs go out. Also if you needed to add more bulbs in the same series circuit then all bulbs would be dimmer.

The light bulbs are sealed and do not directly give off carbon dioxide. However they require more energy than flourescent light bulbs for the same amount of light. And many of the original sources of the energy give off carbon dioxide when generating electricity. So indirectly, yes. What is not talked about very often is that many houses are electrically heated. In these houses, the lights contribute to the heating (what is not light is heat, roughly.) So in these cases, incandescent lights are 100% efficient and the net effect is that there is no difference in the total output of carbon dioxide with the same light/temperature in the house. Another consideration is that CFL / flourescent lighting may require more energy and resources to make, so incandescent bulbs may actually result in less CO2 production, but this depends on the periodicity of replacement and usage. In the U.S., breaking a CFL bulb is considered an unsafe mercury spill site by the E.P.A. requiring 15 minutes of ventillation in the house and resources to clean up which could also be considered in terms of time, heating, and resources, all requiring CO2, but this last thought is just the author's jaded opinion, the former being science. Happy lighting :)

I assume you refer to the change using a light bulb into using energy-saving bulbs.

In general, people just do not like changes. Most people like to resort to the old ways, every time possible. That is just part of human nature.

Forcing people to change their old way may resort in some sort of anxiety, even mutiny of sorts.

Also, at least for now, energy-saving bulbs are more expensive than regular light bulbs, which also causes irritation on some people. And they are an environment hazard too. The jury is still out on which is worse, the pollution from creating energy to be used by old bulbs or the toxins in the energy-saving bulbs.

Light bulbs are made according to where they will be used and what voltage is generally available for that location. In a house, 120 volts is the standard, so household bulbs are designed to work with 120 volts.

A car however is almost always designed to use 12 volts. Therefore, that needs 12 volts.

There are other more odd applications that require 24 v. ,36 v. , 5 v. etc.

Bottom line, use a bulb that matches what ever it is in and it will light.

A Low energy bulbs uses about 1/5 energy of a traditional bulb.

ie. 20w (Low energy bulb) = 100w (standard filiment bulb)

80%+ traditional bulb s' energy is lost as heat.

The 20% figure shown above only relates to the low energy bulb during its normal usage. The question was about the overall ecological balance, which includes ecological burden through manufacture, distribution and disposal (or recycling). Low energy light bulbs contain heavy metals, electronics and toxic materials, and are manufactured (and recycled) using much more complicated and, presumably, more ecologically damaging processes compared to those involved in traditional tungsten filaments.

The question is still open thus.

Candelabra bulbs are initially more expensive than regular bulbs however they are more energy-efficient in the long run. This energy efficiency offsets their original outlay cost as they use less electricity.

It depends on the type of light. Both Fluorescent lights and LEDs initially emit light in the UV range or near-UV range (high energy). This light is then absorbed by compounds which re-emit the light at longer wavelengths (lower energy). The difference in energy between what the compound absorbs and what it emits is dissipated as heat.

Different compounds emit different wavelengths when excited by UV light. By using a cocktail of compounds, a wide variety of wavelengths can be emitted, producing a spectrum that is very similar to that of natural light.

Full spectrum LEDs use a different compounds than fluorescent lights do, but the concept is the same.

Full spectrum lights are different from many so called white lights in that white lights usually emit only three or four discrete wavelengths. The eye averages the different wavelengths together to give the perception of color. If the ratios between the intensities of the wavelengths is just right, the light appears white.

there are 98 different kinds of light bulbs. including colored light bulbs

A series circuit only has one path for the electrons to travel, but a parallel circuit has multiple paths for them to travel in.

When a bulb goes out in a series circuit, the circuit breaks and all bulbs go out, but in parallel circuit, if a bulb breaks, the other bulbs stay on

For safety a circuit should not be operated at over 80 percent of capacity. In this case that would be 12 amps. At 120 vac that would allow about 1450 watts. So although a 15 amp breaker could theoretically power 18 100 watt lamps, in practice you should limit the number to 14 or fewer. I would personally not exceed 12.

What would our life be without the light bulb? Our world would be different. If you were at school you wouldn't be able to see what you are writing in writing class. At night it would be pitch black. The only light you would receive would be from the sun hitting the ground. The light bulb helps our world a lot. If Mr. Edison wouldn't have improved the light bulb, we would be using unsafe candles.

Life was very hard before the light bulb was invented. It was hard because without the light bulb, people couldn't see and had to use fire for light. The inventor of the first light bulb was named Joseph Wilson Swan. If Swan didn't invent the light bulb, then Thomas Edison would be in trouble. The light bulb Swan invented was not lasting very long. It would turn on for a few seconds, and would burn out. Thomas Edison wanted to make a new and improved light bulb for the whole world to use.

Before people had light bulbs they used candles. Candles are very dangerous because if you leave a candle on at night, chances were that it could burn your house. A new invention came along called the arc light. The inventor stopped the use of the arc light. They stopped using it because when the people installed this light, it would give off a toxic smell that would affect the human body. People thought of installing the oil lamps in homes, but it was too dangerous.

Joseph Wilson Swan was the inventor of the first light bulb. Thomas Edison improved the light bulb. The original one was not lighting properly. Edison goal was to improve the light bulb because he wanted to learn more about electricity and to know the reason why Swan's bulb wasn't working properly. When Edison found out what the problem was he wanted to fix it so he can be known for something extraordinary.

Edison first presented the light bulb at a store with a little stand with the product next to them so they can show to the customers what it looks like. Many un-wealthy people were able to buy a few light bulbs so they can see at night in their homes. Nine out of ten people ended up with a light bulb for homes. Many stores and buildings bought millions of light bulbs for their work. Many companies couldn't afford the light bulb because they bought so many lights they were losing money every time.

Edison and Swan made a huge impact on the world because almost 73% of the whole world uses light bulbs every day. If Swan didn't help Edison with the light bulb then the whole world would probably have a different type of light bulb or maybe nothing at all. Swan knew some more different things than Edison did. He knew different methods of math and science that Edison never knew or heard about.

A light bulb is powered by electricity. The power of the electricity in a light bulb is measured in watts. A watt is an international system unit of power equal to one joule per second. There are about one to two hundred watts in one light bulb. There is a chance if you are setting up a light bulb, you might get shocked by the electricity. When you flick the light switch on, the bulb is starting to heat up. If you touch the bulb when it is hot and still warming up, you can get burned. This invention works by when you turn the light switch on, a wire is being attached to the light bulb to it can light up.

The invention was used for everyone all over the world. It would make you feel safer at home because a light bulb has less chances of setting a fire than a candle. Now people don't have to rely on the sky for work, they can have normal hours. Some people want oil lamps but now they use them on the road like highways so you can see better at night when you are driving.

The inventor(s) were sometimes fighting with each other how the original light bulb was not working properly. Swan though that The first one was the best work he had ever done. He thought that Edison's bulb was worse. They stopped fighting when they heard that the new light bulb was a big seller and they were going to make millions of dollars. Then Swan never thought he was going to be rich someday. He thought that his invention of the original bulb was the best ever.

The world has been changed a lot by Mr. Thomas Edison. Edison help our world in many ways and better ways to stay safer. A Light bulb burns for over 40 hours, a candle burns for about 9 hours. The light bulb turns on and off quickly by the switch. You can illuminate a room with dangerous candles. You don't have to change the light bulb as often as a candle once it burns out. You can Move and travel safely in the dark. Thanks to Thomas Edison and Joseph Swan for making these little things come true. All of these little things help you every day life.

There are also positives and negatives about the light bulb. Some Positives about the light bulb are, That when you are driving at night, you can see good if you have headlights on your car. Some negatives are, if you touch a light bulb when is hot directly from you skin, it will burn your skin. If you look right into the bulb while it is on it just like staring into a synthetic sun, Very bad for your eyesight. Some negatives Edison couldn't fix or it wouldn't be any good.

Compact fluorescents, like their tubular fluorescent precursors, contain a small amount of mercury-typically around five milligrams. Mercury is essential to a fluorescent bulb's ability to emit light; no other element has proved as efficient.

As effective as it is at enabling white light, however, mercury-sometimes called quicksilver-is also highly toxic. It is especially harmful to the brains of both fetuses and children. That's why officials have curtailed or banned its use in applications from thermometers to automotive and thermostat switches. (A single thermostat switch, still common in many homes, may contain 3,000 milligrams (0.1 ounce) of mercury, or as much as 600 compact fluorescents.)

The problem comes when a bulb breaks. Mercury escapes as vapor that can be inhaled and as a fine powder that can settle into carpet and other textiles. At least one case of mercury poisoning has been linked to fluorescents: A 1987 article in Pediatricsdescribes a 23-month-old who suffered weight loss and severe rashes after a carton of eight-foot (2.4-meter) tubular bulbs broke in a play area.

In a incandescent light bulb almost 90% of the energy taken in is being wasted as heat. only 10% is being used as visible light. this means that alot of energy taken in from ex sun,vind and water are not being used as it should have been. Thats why the LED bulbs are so good because they dont give out as much wasted energy

amps equals watts divided by volts.

Heat and light. The metal filament heats up to the point of incandescence in the visible part of the spectrum.

It is the Incandescent light bulb. Most of the energy are lost as heat

Any natural light bulbs that use incandescent lighting will work well, and give off a rounder light than the "sterile white" lighting of normal bulbs.

A light source on a microscope helps make the object that you're looking at easier to see.

It brightens up the view so the object can be seen more clearly and can be more "in focus".

argon

Yes. It depends on the fixture. If the bulb runs at line voltage (i.e. without a transformer), then yes. If it's a low voltage halogen bulb, such as a 12 volt running off of a transformer, then you'll need to find out if the transformer is dimmable.

You're probably thinking of the kind of bulbs used in floodlights (streetlights or industrial lighting) which do not shed much light when they're first turned on, because they have to warm up. It can take several minutes for the bulbs to reach their nominal operating temperature and come to full brightness.

CFLs, or compact fluorescent lights, are an environmentally friendly alternative to incandescent light bulbs. Typically a CFL is powered by a ballast which sends current into the glass envelope filled with halogen gas. 'Halogen' is not actually a gas in itself but refers to a family of gasses that includes chlorine, bromine, astatine, fluorine, and iodine. As the electric current travels from the ballast into the envelope, the gas becomes exciting and emits photons. Interestingly, without the the white coating inside a CFL, known as a phosphor coating, you would not be able to see the light produced. It is only once the light passes through the phosphor coating that it becomes a wavelength visible to the human eye.