Local Area Network

There are two ways to configure Ip address . One method is to do this manually .And other is to do this using dynamic host configuration protocol.

Switches

That probably refers to a situation where a larger network was divided into smaller subnets, but all subnets have the same size - as opposed to VLSM (variable length subnet masks), where subnets can have different sizes.

That probably refers to a situation where a larger network was divided into smaller subnets, but all subnets have the same size - as opposed to VLSM (variable length subnet masks), where subnets can have different sizes.

That probably refers to a situation where a larger network was divided into smaller subnets, but all subnets have the same size - as opposed to VLSM (variable length subnet masks), where subnets can have different sizes.

That probably refers to a situation where a larger network was divided into smaller subnets, but all subnets have the same size - as opposed to VLSM (variable length subnet masks), where subnets can have different sizes.

You don't need to worry about changing any of the octets when the values of an octet contain leading zeros. The two examples are effectively the same.

2^16 bytes - size of TCP header

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SYN flooding

No- A VLAN is a single broadcast domain. If the VLAN uses a hub, which essentially connects all devices on a single wire, the the VlAN would be a collision domain. However hubs are rarely seen these days. A network switch keeps every device separated on individual collision domains so every device is kept from colliding with any other device.

Almost every protocol uses Client/Server architecture, LAN and WAN alike.

Advantages of client server system .

* Centralization - access, resources, and data security are controlled through the server * Scalability - any element can be upgraded when needed * Flexibility - new technology can be easily integrated into the system * Interoperability - all components (clients, network, servers) work together

Use the formula 2n - 2 to find the number of clients available in a subnet. The 'n' refers to the number of bits available for client addresses, and thus will vary depending on the starting network type (class A, B, or C).

If you are using the 0th subnet (as in Cisco routers) then the formula is 2n

VLAN stands for Virtual LAN. It is called as such because you are essentially creating "virtual" networks on the same physical piece of hardware. Imagine a network switch with 20 ports. You could assign the first 5 to VLAN1, the next to VLAN2, and so on. You would end up with 4 segregated networks, but on the same physical switch. The virtual in VLAN is referring to the fact that there is nothing phsically separating the ports on the switch, it is done "virtually".

Need to know what sort of data is going to be transferred. Is itconfidential files with a need for a very secure line. Or is it just for a reliable email system to build up social bonds among employees in the different buildings..? What is the existing technology like? What is your budget? We need to know a bit more information before we can give an answer.

You have been asked to deign the entire cable system for a medical instrument manufacturer's new central warehouse. The company already has three buildings within two city blocks, and the warehouse will be its fourth building. Currently, the building run on separate network, but the company would like to be able to exchange data among them. For example, the quality control department building 1 would like to be able to access servers in the research department in building 2.In addition, the sales department in building 3 wants to conduct video training session for its representatives in the field via internet. Next door, in the warehouse, 50 shipping and packing personnel in the fulfillment department will be riding up and down the aisles on forklifts pulling inventory off the shelves on daily basics.

What kind of transmission media would you recommended for each different building and department of the medical instrument company and why?

Ping is used when you want to see if the host is available (does not guarantee it because many companies block ICMP protocol). Tracert is mostly used when you want to know at what point your connection does not go through.

A linear bus topology is a straight line (linear) topology which wires devices in a straight, sequential fashion (like daisy-chaining). It is characterized by a very simple and easy way to create a LAN but has problems with breaks in any of the cables in the topology.

This linear bus topology does not require a central connectivity device such as a hub, switch, or router.

330ft

When you borrow bits for a subnet you are intruding into the client portion of an IP address. As a result, you will lose clients in your network because the "borrowed" portion becomes the extended network prefix.

This allows you to separate your bigger network into smaller, logical networks (subnets). The number of bits borrowed will indicate the total number of smaller subnets that you can support in your network.

In each case, regardless of class of address, borrowing 4 bits gives a total of 14 subnets (in the classical sense) and 16 subnets (in Cisco).

That is a NIC that is capable of running speeds of 100 Mbps up to 1 Gbps.

They are called an octet.

A bus topology for a LAN will typically use coaxial cable, either 10Base5 (thicknet) or 10base2 (thin-net) copper wiring.

The TCP 3 way handshake is when the server states what ports it has open, the client requests access to the port, and the server grants access.

Layman's terms:

Server - I have beer at my place.

Client - Can I come over?

Server - Sure!

Since there is no protocol known as Ethernet Token Ring I assume you are asking about the difference between Ethernet, Token Ring, and Token Bus usage. These are all different protocols, so connecting all three types of networks is not practical.

Token Bus networks were an early attempt to get mainframes to connect to terminals through a bus topology structure, utilizing a token for arbitration. Those networks typically ran at 4 Mbps. They were also subject to the same problem as a linear bus structure with Ethernet, which is a break in the cable would bring down the entire network.

A later version of Token ring uses a ring topology structure, where a failure in the network will not bring down the entire network. It still uses a token for station arbitration, but can ran at 16 Mbps. Newer versions of HSTR can run at 100 Mbps and there is a standard for a gigabit version.

Chances are you will need to bridge between Ethernet and Token Ring (not token bus). For that, you will need a bridge, router, or gateway that can convert between the protocols. In some cases the media is different as well, going from coaxial cable to unshielded twisted pair (UTP).

So the difficulties are in correctly converting the protocols between the two, connecting different media types together, and troubleshooting problems between the two networks.

In general, no, you would not use a cross-over cable to connect a hub/switch/router to a PC. This is because the device itself has cross-over circuitry built into it, and if you used a cross-over cable you would be reversing that process.

The net effect is that the transmit signal would connect to another transmit signal, when it should be connected to a receive signal.

We talk about cross-over cables when we are discussing Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cables. The term might be applied to other cabling systems, but this answer will only deal with UTP cables.

UTP utilizes two pairs of cables within the bundle (of usually, four pairs or eight cables). One pair is for transmit, and the other for receive. Standards have been created for which devices will use what pairs for each function, so a "straight through" cable must be connected to two devices that have different purposes. Like a PC and a switch, or a PC and a hub, or a router and a switch/hub. The ends of UTP cables are terminated in an RJ45, eight-pin connector. Ethernet UTP connects one pair of wires to pins 1 & 2, the other to pins 3 & 6. Other standards use other pins. Which pair of wires is connected to those pins is also standardized by the Telecommunications Industry Alliance, and off-shoot of the Electronics Industry Alliance, commonly abbreviated as TIA/EIA. The standard is the 568-C standard which superseded the 568-B standard which in turn superseded the 568-A standard. Within this standard are two optional pin/pair assignment standards, known as T-568-A and T-569-B. The pin/pair assignment standards are often (erroneously) referred to as the TIA/EIA-568-A and TIA/EIA-568-B standards.

If you want to connect to like devices such as two PCs together without the intervening hub/switch, you need to have a cross-over cable so the transmit pair at one end are connected to the receive pins at the other end, and vice-versa.

To accomplish this, a cable that has pins 1 & 2 connected to a pair of wires at one end, would connect that same pair of wires to pins 3 & 6 at the other end. And the 2nd pair of wires would have the opposite connection - 3 & 6 connected to 1 & 2.

Modern network interface cards/ports an also "autosense" which pair is being used for which purpose and internally switch, so in many cases a cross-over cable is not required.

Because this is the way you can easily and quickly isolate the network portion from the host portion of the address to just get the network id, which would be using for routing purposes.