Local Area Network

a special 1!

Packet-switched networks move data in separate, small data blocks, or packets as they are more commonly known, based on the destination address in each packet. When received, the packets are reassembled in the proper sequence to make up the message. The packets are not dependent on any one path or connection, and can take as many paths as necessary to maintain data integrity depending on traffic load of a shared network. Packet-switched networks are mainly used in standard LAN networks.

Circuit-switched networks require dedicated point-to-point connections during calls.

the Application Software is a software that APPLIES to the real life application. For example: Microsoft Word is used to create documents similar to you create manually on paper. Accounting Softwares those are used for accounting which is simallarly done manually on Account Book.

Thus, Application Software are easier to be understood by normal users because they directly deals with the normal real life applications.

But the System Softwares are the softwares which deals with the system or hardware. For example: Disk Management Tools which are used to partition or format the disk.

System Softwares are recommended to be used only by Advanced users who are having advance knowledge of the computer system.

merits enables data sharing between two or more computers. Therefore; 1-minimizes time wastage 2-minimizes energy wastage etc demerits 1-data suffers from lack of privacy 2-your computer will be exposed to trojans(computer viruses)

The Physical Layer defines the means of transmitting raw bits rather than logical data packets over a physical link connecting network nodes. The bit stream may be grouped into code words or symbols and converted to a physical signal that is transmitted over a hardware transmission medium. The Physical Layer provides an electrical, mechanical, and procedural interface to the transmission medium. The shapes and properties of the electrical connectors, the frequencies to broadcast on, the modulation scheme to use and similar low-level parameters, are specified here.

Within the semantics of the OSI network architecture, the Physical Layer translates logical communications requests from the Data Link Layer into hardware-specific operations to affect transmission or reception of electronic signals.

It can be POP3, IMAP4 and Microsoft Exchange.

IPX/SPX : Routable // TCP/IP : Routable // NetBEUI : Not Routable

Communication network can be generally viewed as Switched & Broadcast.In switched network comes Circuit & Packet Switched network.Circuit Switched Network are used by Telphone,GSM.Packet Switched network are further sub divided into Datagram & Virtual Circuit.Datagram circuit followed by Internet,IP network whereas Virtual circuit example is ATM .

at the network layer, congestion control mechanism takes place

All devices on your network segment. NOTE: In dotted decimal notation, which is the most common way of expressing IP addresses to make them easy for humans to read, this would be 255.255.255.255 or what is commonly referred to as all ones.

The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model is a conceptual framework that describes how data is transmitted over a network. The OSI model divides the process of network communication into seven distinct layers, each of which performs a specific function. The layers are designed to work together seamlessly, making it easier to develop and troubleshoot network systems.

Using the OSI model can facilitate teaching and learn about networking in a number of ways:

Structured Approach: The OSI model provides a structured approach to understanding how network communication works. By breaking down the process into seven distinct layers, learners can better understand the complexities of network communication and how each layer contributes to the overall process.

Common Language: The OSI model provides a common language that network professionals can use to communicate with one another. This can make troubleshooting and problem-solving more efficient, as all parties involved can use the same terminology and concepts.

Modular Design: The OSI model's modular design makes it easier to develop and maintain network systems. Each layer performs a specific function, and changes made to one layer can be implemented without affecting other layers, allowing for more flexible network design.

Standards-based: The OSI model is based on international standards, making it a widely recognized and accepted framework for network communication. This means that learners who understand the OSI model will have a strong foundation for working with a wide range of network technologies and protocols.

Overall, using the OSI model can facilitate teaching and learning about networking by providing a clear and structured framework for understanding how network communication works, promoting common language and modular design, and being standards-based.

Class A default is 255.0.0.0

Class B default is 255.255.0.0

Class C default is 255.255.255.0

No, they are not. The reason is that the more users/clients you have on a Peer to Peer network the harder it is to administer it. Everyone is their own administrator and you can't enforce policies, backups, or security easily with a peer to peer network.

A general rule of thumb in the industry is to limit such a network to around 10 devices. Although more could be used it becomes an administrative and troubleshooting nightmare.

A Translational Bridge is used to connect networks that use different protocols.

Wide area network generally consist of two or more local networks . Computers connected to a WAN are often connected through public Computers connected to a wide-area network are often connected through public networks, such as the telephone system. Wanos network less the costs and accelerate more network speeds. Like this you can get more provider those are providing WAN services.

there are two types of addresses: network addresses and physical addresses

First, pick out the address you wish to permanently assign to the workstation, plus the subnet mask you are going to use.

Then, bring up the network adaptor properties and put the address in the dialog box (for Windows).

For Unix/Linux systems, using the ifconfig command allows you to assign a static address (see first part above) to any adaptor.

It depends on what SSL is being used for (HTTP, as in secure web pages; FTP; Telnet; etc.). Below is a non-exhaustive list of various port numbers used for protocols with SSL implemented: * HTTP: Port 443 * FTP (Data): Port 989 * FTP (Control): Port 990 * Telnet: Port 992 * IRC: Port 994 * pop3: Port 995 I hope this was the information you were looking for.

How to prepare for JEE Main 2015 Exam

/28

Most LANs use UTP cable, category 5 or better.

First you need a crossover Ethernet cable which connects Transmit lines to Receive and Receive lines to Transmit on a 10/100BaseT connection. Both computers need to have Ethernet IP address set in same range (e.g. 10.0.0.x) and same Subnet Mask and Gateway. e.g. IP address can be 10.0.0.5 on one machine and on other it can be 10.0.0.7 .. After that both computers connected to each other through a cross cable can see each other and transfer/share data.

Full form of PING is:

Packet InterNet Groper

PING: Ping is defines as " the tools which is used to check the communication of between the systems, routers switches and also the Internet".

the syntax is:

ping ip address (or) ping system name (or) ping device name

The abbreviation of PING is : "Packet InterNet Goopher"