Local Area Network

It can be POP3, IMAP4 and Microsoft Exchange.

IPX/SPX : Routable // TCP/IP : Routable // NetBEUI : Not Routable

Communication network can be generally viewed as Switched & Broadcast.In switched network comes Circuit & Packet Switched network.Circuit Switched Network are used by Telphone,GSM.Packet Switched network are further sub divided into Datagram & Virtual Circuit.Datagram circuit followed by Internet,IP network whereas Virtual circuit example is ATM .

at the network layer, congestion control mechanism takes place

All devices on your network segment. NOTE: In dotted decimal notation, which is the most common way of expressing IP addresses to make them easy for humans to read, this would be 255.255.255.255 or what is commonly referred to as all ones.

The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model is a conceptual framework that describes how data is transmitted over a network. The OSI model divides the process of network communication into seven distinct layers, each of which performs a specific function. The layers are designed to work together seamlessly, making it easier to develop and troubleshoot network systems.

Using the OSI model can facilitate teaching and learn about networking in a number of ways:

Structured Approach: The OSI model provides a structured approach to understanding how network communication works. By breaking down the process into seven distinct layers, learners can better understand the complexities of network communication and how each layer contributes to the overall process.

Common Language: The OSI model provides a common language that network professionals can use to communicate with one another. This can make troubleshooting and problem-solving more efficient, as all parties involved can use the same terminology and concepts.

Modular Design: The OSI model's modular design makes it easier to develop and maintain network systems. Each layer performs a specific function, and changes made to one layer can be implemented without affecting other layers, allowing for more flexible network design.

Standards-based: The OSI model is based on international standards, making it a widely recognized and accepted framework for network communication. This means that learners who understand the OSI model will have a strong foundation for working with a wide range of network technologies and protocols.

Overall, using the OSI model can facilitate teaching and learning about networking by providing a clear and structured framework for understanding how network communication works, promoting common language and modular design, and being standards-based.

Class A default is 255.0.0.0

Class B default is 255.255.0.0

Class C default is 255.255.255.0

No, they are not. The reason is that the more users/clients you have on a Peer to Peer network the harder it is to administer it. Everyone is their own administrator and you can't enforce policies, backups, or security easily with a peer to peer network.

A general rule of thumb in the industry is to limit such a network to around 10 devices. Although more could be used it becomes an administrative and troubleshooting nightmare.

A Translational Bridge is used to connect networks that use different protocols.

Wide area network generally consist of two or more local networks . Computers connected to a WAN are often connected through public Computers connected to a wide-area network are often connected through public networks, such as the telephone system. Wanos network less the costs and accelerate more network speeds. Like this you can get more provider those are providing WAN services.

there are two types of addresses: network addresses and physical addresses

First, pick out the address you wish to permanently assign to the workstation, plus the subnet mask you are going to use.

Then, bring up the network adaptor properties and put the address in the dialog box (for Windows).

For Unix/Linux systems, using the ifconfig command allows you to assign a static address (see first part above) to any adaptor.

It depends on what SSL is being used for (HTTP, as in secure web pages; FTP; Telnet; etc.). Below is a non-exhaustive list of various port numbers used for protocols with SSL implemented: * HTTP: Port 443 * FTP (Data): Port 989 * FTP (Control): Port 990 * Telnet: Port 992 * IRC: Port 994 * pop3: Port 995 I hope this was the information you were looking for.

How to prepare for JEE Main 2015 Exam

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Most LANs use UTP cable, category 5 or better.

First you need a crossover Ethernet cable which connects Transmit lines to Receive and Receive lines to Transmit on a 10/100BaseT connection. Both computers need to have Ethernet IP address set in same range (e.g. 10.0.0.x) and same Subnet Mask and Gateway. e.g. IP address can be 10.0.0.5 on one machine and on other it can be 10.0.0.7 .. After that both computers connected to each other through a cross cable can see each other and transfer/share data.

Full form of PING is:

Packet InterNet Groper

PING: Ping is defines as " the tools which is used to check the communication of between the systems, routers switches and also the Internet".

the syntax is:

ping ip address (or) ping system name (or) ping device name

The abbreviation of PING is : "Packet InterNet Goopher"

Character-oriented protocols are also known as byte oriented protocols. They are used in variable size framing by the Data link layer for data link control.

Data are 8-bit characters encoded in ASCII. Along with the header and the trailer, 2 flags are included in each frame (beginning and end of frame) to separate it from other frames. These flags are protocol dependent characters.

The important issue is how to differentiate when the data in the frame is the same as the flag? This means that how is the Receiver going to know that the frame content is actually the data not the flag?

A solution is to use a process called BYTE STUFFING. An extra byte is added to the data section of the frame, where the character sequence is the same as the flag. This is usually the escape character: ESC.

Of course if the data section also includes same sequence of characters as ESC another ESC character will be added to tell the receiver which section is data.

At receiver's end, this data section will be removed and be treated as a piece of data.

Clearly, this procedure does not account for 16-bit or 32-bit characters we use today, so we rely on bit-stuffing protocols (mostly).

LAN is internal. IE, your computer, router, modem.

WAN is external, such as your computer, a server on the internet, a corporate database.

Not to be confused with WLAN, which is wireless LAN

The minimum number of ports on most brands of switches is four. While there is no industry rule that limits the number of ports on a single switch, practical application has shown that a minimum of four ports is about right.

High-end layer 3 switches or routers

I had to create patch cables in my Infotech class and had to memorize at least straight cables. starting from pin 1 (left to right)

Straight-Through: White-Green, Green, White-Orange, Blue, White-Blue, Orange, White-Brown, Brown

White-Green is pin 1 and Brown is pin 8

Cross-Over Cable: White-Orange, Orange, White-Green, Blue, White-Blue, Green, White-Brown, Brown