Local Area Network

local area network

By using 255.255.240.0 as a subnet mask you have 4+8 bits remaining, that can be used for host IP addresses. So you have 2^12 IPs - 2 IPs = 4094.

This "minus 2" IPs are because first IP is always the IP of entire network and last one is a brodcast address. None of them can be assigned to a particular host.

A communication in between two or more computers is called a network..and the process of making network is called networking..there are three basic Types of networking..1) LAN ..2) MAN...3) WAN....

Session and Presentation Layers

We're used to the idea of information travelling in different ways. When we speak into a landline telephone, a wire cable carries the sounds from our voice into a socket in the wall, where another cable takes it to the local telephone exchange. Cellphones work a different way: they send and receive information using invisible radio waves-a technology called wireless because it uses no cables. Fiber optics works a third way. It sends information coded in a beam of light down a glass or plastic pipe. It was originally developed for endoscopes in the 1950s to help doctors see inside the human body without having to cut it open first. In the 1960s, engineers found a way of using the same technology to transmit telephone calls at the speed of light (186,000 miles or 300,000 km per second).

There are three features that allow TCP to reliably and accurately track the transmission of data from source to destination. They are flow control, session establishment, and numbering and sequencing.

• Files can be stored on a central What_are_the_advantages_of_local_area_network(the file server) allowing data to be shared throughout an organization.
• Files can be backed up more easily when they are all on a central fileserver rather than when they are scattered across a number of independent workstations.
• Networks also allow security to be established, ensuring that the What_are_the_advantages_of_local_area_networkusers may only have access to certain files and applications.
• Software and resources can be centrally managed.
• Network versions of software often allow for their speedy installation on workstations from the What_are_the_advantages_of_local_area_network.
• Expensive devices such as laser printers or scanners can be shared.
• Users can access their files from any workstation

by reducing the hosts

You need a WAP - WIreless Access Point. This is a bridge device that connects the two types of networks together. Or, use a router.

Subnetting is essentially the modification of a single IP network to create two or more logically visible sub-sections. It entails changing the subnet mask of the local network number to produce an even number of smaller network numbers, each with a corresponding range of IP addresses. Subnetting is required when one network number needs to be distributed across multiple LAN segments. This may be the case in instances when: * A company uses two or more types of LAN technology (for example, Ethernet, Token Ring) on their network.

* Two network segments are restricted by distance limitations (for example, remote offices linked via point-to-point circuit).

* Segments need to be localized for network management reasons (accounting segment, sales segment, etc.).

* Hosts which dominate most of the LAN bandwidth need to be isolated.

This is a network address.

A Local Area Network (LAN) is typically a private network that is only visible behind your router or firewall. It is typically an TCP/IP based network with a NAT-type Firewall and/or Router that shares an IP address that is visible on the internet (sometimes referred to as a Wide Area Network or WAN).

An example would be two computers behind a residential router. The network between devices that allow them to communicate would be the Local Area Network.

A Peer to Peer (commonly abbreviated as P2P) network describes a type of ad-hoc network that typically allows the ability to search for and download files without having a specific central server.

A Peer to Peer Network and a Local Area Network are actually quite different. To put it in an analogy, a Local Area Network is like the postal service. It lets you send messages to other people. The Peer 2 Peer network would be what you send in the messages and how you find other people to share with.

There r two main differences between LAN & WAN: 1) network having fast speed at least 10 mbps is called lan while wan has slow speed as 64 kbps. 2) wan connects two lan far apart to each other using wan technologies such as leased lines, internet, frame relay, etc. while lan connects two systems/lans near to each other through ethernet/fast ethernet/gigabit ethernet.

slightly more than 10 percent - apex

One device that is shared on the network is a router. This is the one that will connect the various devices to the shared network.

you are only really limited by the ports on your router, indeed even if you run out of ports you can get another router.

192.168.0.1 is the starting address and 192.168.256.256 is the ending address... so I would say that you can connect up to 65,536 computers to a LAN at least in theory. I have never heard this being done but I'm sure it is possible.

The problem is the bandwidth. if you are on a 5 Mbit connection (for simplification purposes this is both up and down speed) and you have lets say 10,000 computers all with people using them online then each is roughly limited to 524 bps if all is shared equally, in layman's terms that's really really slow. Now if you only have a few computers using the net at any given time it can work well.

These devices server two purposes. The modem (more likely a Router if you use Broadband) connects you to the Internet. The Wireless part allows you to connect your PC to it. The advantages over a Wired Router is that a wired router requires you to connect your PC with a network cable. This restricts the position of your PC and Router as they both have to be within 5m of each other - or you invest in room to room cabling. The wireless connection allows you much more freedom as to where you locate your PC or laptop. The Wireless signal can travel through walls and ceilings so you do not need "line of sight" but it is restricted by the density of the walls and live electrical cabling. Wireless routers also allow you to connect other devices which do not have a network lead connection. This would include mobile phones, game consoles, television receivers etc.

The default subnet mask for a class C IP address is 255.255.255.0

a special 1!

Packet-switched networks move data in separate, small data blocks, or packets as they are more commonly known, based on the destination address in each packet. When received, the packets are reassembled in the proper sequence to make up the message. The packets are not dependent on any one path or connection, and can take as many paths as necessary to maintain data integrity depending on traffic load of a shared network. Packet-switched networks are mainly used in standard LAN networks.

Circuit-switched networks require dedicated point-to-point connections during calls.

the Application Software is a software that APPLIES to the real life application. For example: Microsoft Word is used to create documents similar to you create manually on paper. Accounting Softwares those are used for accounting which is simallarly done manually on Account Book.

Thus, Application Software are easier to be understood by normal users because they directly deals with the normal real life applications.

But the System Softwares are the softwares which deals with the system or hardware. For example: Disk Management Tools which are used to partition or format the disk.

System Softwares are recommended to be used only by Advanced users who are having advance knowledge of the computer system.

merits enables data sharing between two or more computers. Therefore; 1-minimizes time wastage 2-minimizes energy wastage etc demerits 1-data suffers from lack of privacy 2-your computer will be exposed to trojans(computer viruses)

The Physical Layer defines the means of transmitting raw bits rather than logical data packets over a physical link connecting network nodes. The bit stream may be grouped into code words or symbols and converted to a physical signal that is transmitted over a hardware transmission medium. The Physical Layer provides an electrical, mechanical, and procedural interface to the transmission medium. The shapes and properties of the electrical connectors, the frequencies to broadcast on, the modulation scheme to use and similar low-level parameters, are specified here.

Within the semantics of the OSI network architecture, the Physical Layer translates logical communications requests from the Data Link Layer into hardware-specific operations to affect transmission or reception of electronic signals.