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Molecular Biology
Molecular biology is the study of how molecules (biomolecules such as protein, DNA) communicate in the cell and how the field helps to study them in a external condition.
267 Questions
What has the author C Woodward written?
C. Woodward has written:
'Protein Structural Biology in Biomedical Research, Volume 22B (1997) First Edition (Advances in Molecular and Cell Biology) (Advances in Molecular and Cell Biology)'
What is Microsatellite enrichment?
Microsatellite enrichment is a method in molecular biology used for enriching the amount of microsatellite sequences in a DNA sample.
What is preferred in DNA extraction ethanol or isopropanol and why?
Isopropanol is more preferred than ethanol in DNA extraction, as isopropanol facilitates precipitation more better, as it possess very less i.e., 0.6 to 0.7 volumes of alcohol.
Helper molecules in the body's chemical reaction?
Helper molecules in the body's chemical reactions include enzymes, coenzymes, and cofactors. Enzymes are proteins that accelerate biochemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required. Coenzymes, often derived from vitamins, assist enzymes in their function, while cofactors can be metal ions or other small molecules that help stabilize enzyme structures or participate in the catalytic process. Together, these helper molecules are essential for facilitating numerous metabolic pathways and maintaining overall cellular function.
What bio molecules are in a ribosomes?
Ribosomes translate mRNA to proteins. In eukaryotic cells, the ribosomes attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) produce proteins that are either to become part of organelles (such as lysosomes), the plasma membrane, or secreted from the cell. The free, or soluble, ribosomes found in the cytosol produce proteins that remain in the cytosol, e.g., the enzymes involved in glycolysis.
Where do biological molecules originate?
Biological molecules originate from a variety of sources, primarily through natural processes on Earth. They are synthesized by living organisms via metabolic pathways that convert simple inorganic compounds into complex organic molecules, such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Additionally, biological molecules can also arise from abiotic processes, such as those thought to have occurred on early Earth, where simple molecules combined under certain conditions to form more complex structures. Overall, they are integral to the structure and function of all living organisms.
How many carbon dioxide molecules and water molecules would be needed to make 12 glucose molecules?
The chemical equation for photosynthesis, which produces glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆), is:
6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂.
To produce 12 glucose molecules, you would need 12 times the amount of each reactant. Therefore, you would need 72 carbon dioxide molecules and 72 water molecules to make 12 glucose molecules (6 CO₂ and 6 H₂O per glucose molecule).
A molecular vehicle is a nanoscale delivery system designed to transport therapeutic agents, such as drugs or genetic material, to specific target cells or tissues in the body. These vehicles can be composed of various materials, including lipids, polymers, or proteins, and are engineered to improve the stability, bioavailability, and controlled release of the payload. By enhancing the precision of drug delivery, molecular vehicles aim to minimize side effects and increase the efficacy of treatments in areas like cancer therapy and gene therapy.
What are some polar tetrahedral molecules?
A tetrahedral molecule with the central atom bonded to four other atoms or molecules that are the same will always be non-polar because the electronegativities of the four bonds cancel each other out. Other molecular shapes that will follow this rule would be linear, trigonal planar, pyramidal, and octahedral. There are a few other molecules that are non-polar but these are the most common
Molecular biology can be used to analyze the genetic material of the birds in question. By comparing DNA sequences, researchers can identify similarities and differences that indicate evolutionary relationships. Phylogenetic analysis can then be performed to construct a family tree, showing how closely related the birds are. If they share significant genetic similarities, it suggests they may have evolved from a common ancestor.
What forms when many small molecules join?
When many small molecules join together, they form a polymer. Polymers are large, complex molecules composed of repeating structural units, which can be natural, like proteins and cellulose, or synthetic, like plastics. This process of joining small molecules is called polymerization, and it can occur through various chemical reactions.
What does more molecules mean?
More molecules typically means a greater quantity of a substance, which can influence its physical and chemical properties. In a given volume, an increase in the number of molecules can lead to higher concentrations, affecting reaction rates and interactions. Additionally, in gases, more molecules can increase pressure if the volume remains constant. Overall, more molecules can enhance the effects of various processes in chemistry and physics.
Where is small molecules absorbed?
Small molecules are primarily absorbed in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, particularly in the small intestine. The small intestine has a large surface area due to its villi and microvilli, which facilitate efficient absorption of nutrients and drugs into the bloodstream. Some small molecules can also be absorbed in the stomach and large intestine, but the small intestine is the main site for most substances.
