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Mummies

A mummy is the body of a person (or an animal) that has been preserved after death. Their organs (apart from the heart) are removed and placed in canopic jars. The bodies then go through a 70-day process before being wrapped in linen bandages.

872 Questions

When did Ancient Egyptians begin making mummies?

This process started in circa 3100BC and then the Egyptians found the right "recipe" in circa 2613BC. This process started in circa 3100BC and then the Egyptians found the right "recipe" in circa 2613BC.

Where were Egyptians buried?

They were buried in all sorts of places like in Pyramids and under ground tombs like nower days. They were also put in wooden/gold/silver/etc coffins or had a death mask made if they were a Pharaoh... But the question is Were all Egyptians buried?

Why are the mummies underground?

Mummies are under ground because they are ancient. The Egyptians also buried the mummies and by the time the dust buried it more and more. That's why archaeologists have to dig the ground to find artifacts.

When did ancient egyptians stop mummifying the dead?

They gave them an amulet, wraped them up, put there organs in organ jars, then precious items like for pharaohs gold, silver, other expensive items.

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Six predynastic mummies, refered to as the Gebelein predynastic mummies, were recovered in the Egyptian desert in the late 19th century, and were dated to around 3,300 bc. These mummies were naturally mummified though. This was due to the heat and salt content of the sand. Egyptians began to bury their dead in coffins to protect them from scavengers, but realised that the bodies did not preserve like the bodies that were buried in the sandy soil without a coffin.

Egyptians then began to develop embalming processes to preserve the bodies. This is what we know today as mummification. This deliberate process probably began around the fourth and fifth dynasties, or around 2,600 bc. The practice of mummification in Egypt continued until well within the Roman era (30 bc - 364 ad). Some even suggest that mummification may have been practiced in Egypt up until as late as the 7th century ad. There were different processes used throughout this time, but the best preserved mummies are from the 18th to 20th dynasties (1570 bc - 1075 bc), which includes the mummy of Tutankhamen.

Strangely enough, it was not just humans who were mummified. Egyptians also mummified thousands of animals including cats, horses, and birds.

Who wraps up mummies?

the people wrap up mummies are not really called anything in particular, the pharaohs and the Egyptians probably call them wrappers.

How do you become a mummy?

Well, to be a mummy, you should have died approximately 3300 BC.

So the steps of the mummification process was...

1. Embalming...

  1. First, his body is taken to the tent known as 'ibu' or the 'place of purification'. There the embalmers wash his body with good-smelling palm wine and rinse it with water from the Nile.
  2. One of the embalmer's men makes a cut in the left side of the body and removes many of the internal organs. It is important to remove these because they are the first part of the body to decompose. The liver, lungs, stomach and intestines are washed and packed in natron which will dry them out. The heart is not taken out of the body because it is the centre of intelligence and feeling and the man will need it in the afterlife. A long hook is used to smash the brain and pull it out through the nose.
  3. The body is now covered and stuffed with natron which will dry it out. All of the fluids, and rags from the embalming process will be saved and buried along with the body.
  4. After forty days the body is washed again with water from the Nile. Then it is covered with oils to help the skin stay elastic.
  5. The dehydrated internal organs are wrapped in linen and returned to the body. The body is stuffed with dry materials such as sawdust, leaves and linen so that it looks lifelike. Finally the body is covered again with good-smelling oils. It is now ready to be wrapped in linen.
2. Wrapping the mummy
  1. First the head and neck are wrapped with strips of fine linen. Then the fingers and the toes are individually wrapped.
  2. The arms and legs are wrapped separately. Between the layers of wrapping, the embalmers place amulets to protect the body in its journey through the underworld.
  3. A priest reads spells out loud while the mummy is being wrapped. These spells will help ward off evil spirits and help the deceased make the journey to the afterlife.
  4. The arms and legs are tied together. A papyrus scroll with spells from the Book of the Dead is placed between the wrapped hands.
  5. More linen strips are wrapped around the body. At every layer, the bandages are painted with liquid resin that helps to glue the bandages together.
  6. A cloth is wrapped around the body and a picture of the god Osiris is painted on its surface.
  7. Finally, a large cloth is wrapped around the entire mummy. It is attached with strips of linen that run from the top to the bottom of the mummy, and around its middle. A board of painted wood is placed on top of the mummy before the mummy is lowered into its coffin. The first coffin is then put inside a second coffin.
  8. The funeral is held for the deceased and his family mourns his death.
That is the Mummification process

Was the brain thrown out during the mummification process?

Hooked out through the nasal cavity.


It sounds gross, but the brain of a mummy was removed when a priest put a hook into the nose of the mummy and pulled it out through a nostril. If you don't believe me, you can research it.

When was mummification invented?

mummification was invented probably near the time of 12,000bc

Mummification, historically, was used first by the ancient Egyptians. These people did so because of the belief that the physical is tied to the spiritual, so a decayed corpse meant bad times in the afterlife.

Mummification is process that has been used by multiple cultures to preserve dead humans, and even animals, against decomposition. Archeological evidence suggests mummification dates back at least 5 millennia.

This substance was used to stuff the nostril of a mummy?

In Ancient Egypt, morticians or embalmers place beeswax in the nostrils of the mummies. This will prevent the liquids in the head from coming out and avoid rotting.

Do people still use the mummification process?

Yes but they don't mummify anymore.

Mummification is not still practiced in Egypt in the same manner that it was in the days of the Pharaohs, but bodies are still embalmed, which is a variant of mummification. Bear in mind that the religion of ancient Egypt (a religion currently known as Egyptian mythology) is not followed anymore, and Egypt has become a predominantly Muslim country instead. At the present time, burial customs in Egypt are quite similar to those of most other countries.

Why is religion so important to the ancient Egyptians?

they depended on there immediate environment around them for survival. somewhat like the pre-empting your fate. the understanding of your world around you comes with time. they became more religious over a long period of time. the things in life that were not understood had to be explained to the common people. that's were your religion is important in letting you understand or at the very least feel more enlightened. for thousands of years egyptians used the forests to help build there empire. as the forest dwindled they went further into Sudan for wood that was brought down thru the river nile. that culture was not aware of the inpact it had on there environment. hence more destruction from nature and (god). case in point, after 9/11 the U.S. has shown a sharp rise in people attending there temple, church and so on. in times of disaster we look to god for answers. thanks be to god.

Why were organs removed in the mummification process?

the organs were removed during mummification because when someone dies their organs begin to rot so they take their organs out to prevent them from rotting inside the body. The organs were stored in canopic jars, all with different designs on them. The organs removed were the stomach, intestines, lungs, and the liver. The brain was also taken out but was discarded. It was taken out with a hook through the nose, this could cause serious damage to the face. The egyptians wanted the person to look as they did during life because they believed that they went on to another place after they died. Their heart was left inside the body to be " weighed " on a feather to decide if they will be accepted into the underworld. Only the wealthy egyptians were mummified this way. Though all living things were mummified, even animals. They just were not mummified the same way.

If this is not understandable, please understand the fact that I am only ten years old.
The ancient Egyptian mummification process was essentially one of dessication using salts (natron) and the process took up to 60 days to complete.

Obviously when a body dies it begins to rot and this rotting starts with the internal organs. Thus to stop this rotting and preserve these organs you need to take them out and dry them separately as soon as possible.

What is the meaning of Canopic?

The term "canopic jars" refers to the mistaken association by early Egyptologists with the Greek legend of Canopus, the pirate of the ship of Menelaus of Sparta, who, according to legend, was bitten by a serpent when visiting the coasts of Egypt. His master then erected a monument to him at the mouth of the River Nile.

How many layers of wrapping did a mummy get?

Hundreds of yards of linen were used to carefully wrap a mummy. As many as 20 alternating layers of bandages have been counted on one mummy. More linenstrips were wrapped around the body. At every layer, the bandages are painted.

Why are mummies called mummies?

Egyptians believed in something called the land of the dead. It was a place they would go and live after they died. But in order to go to the land of the dead their spirit must stay in their body and not be disturbed for over 50 years.

How did the ancient egyptians try to stop the thieves finding the tombs?

a lot of stuff like trap doors and booby traps so that robbers couldn't rob all of the kings stuff

the egyptians put jewels, servants, dishes, pets. they put everything in the tomb they thought the Pharaoh would need in the afterlife.

Is Cleopatra a mummy?

No, Cleopatra's tomb has not been found. They were actively searching for it but had to put it on hold because of the troubles in Egypt. The latest news is that a group of amateur archaeologists are trying to get permission to carry on the work.

What floated the pharaohs to heaven?

The Pharaohs in Ancient Egypt used big floating boats that looked like covered gondolas to "float" to the afterlife. They did not actually sail down the river to get to the afterlife though, they used the boat as a ritual purpose. After the boat sailed down the river then they would get to the pyramid where they would embalm him. Then finally they would bury him in a coffin that had all the things they would need in their afterlife.

What do they stuff the mummies body with?

They remove the internal organs, then they prop up the bones with sticks. Rumour has it that they used chicken poo, though that isn't true.

What organ wasn't in the canopic jars?

The heart was not put into a canopic jar. The heart is needed in the afterlife.

How does the mummification process work?

# The body was taken to the "per-nefer", or house of mummification, where it was washed and placed on a board. The brain was removed, using an iron hook, which was introduced through the broken ethmoid bone (situated at the root of the nose). # The mouth was washed and packed with resin-soaked linen. The eyes were allowed to fall back into the orbits. Linen pads were then placed between the eyeballs and eyelids as false eyes # The lungs, liver, stomach and intestines were removed through an incision made in the left flank with a flint knife. The heart was left for religious reasons (to be weighed in the Hall of Judgement) and sometimes also the kidneys, probably because they were too difficult to reach. # The body cavities were washed with palm wine and spices, and temporarily packed with natron and resinated bandages. This probably assisted the dehydration process and helped to maintain the body's shape. # The viscera were washed with palm wine and spices, and dehydrated with natron. They were made into four parcels and placed into canopic jars with stoppers in the form of the four sons of Horus. In the 21st Dynasty the parcels were replaced in the abdominal cavity. # The body was straightened into the horizontal position, packed and covered with natron in its natural dry form and left for no longer than forty days. # The temporary stuffing was removed and the body was rubbed with wine. In the 21st Dynasty packing was inserted under the skin at this stage. # The body was anointed with cedar oil and unguents. New stuffing was placed inside and the incision was either sewn or covered in resin and a metal plate. The body was then wrapped in layers of amulets inserted for protection and returned to the family for the burial process

What do archaeologists do to find mummies?

They dig up the mummy. Then they dust the mummy.Then they try and determine if its a male or female and how old they were when they died.