Nuclear Physics

This is one of those things where the way you look at it, and what you mean,

determine whether it's even true or not.

The fusion of a deuterium atom and a tritium atom into a helium atom produces

about 14.1 million electron volts (MeV). By comparison, the fission of a uranium

atom produces about 202 MeV, making a fission event over 14 times as energetic

as a fusion event.

But we could looked at it another way. A uranium-238 atom as an atomic mass of

about 238, and the 202 MeV come from that mass, providing a yield of about 0.82

MeV per unit mass. By contrast, the 14.1 MeV from one deuterium, with an atomic

mass of about 2, and one tritium, with an atomic mass of about 3, so the yield is

about 2.8 MeV per unit mass, which makes fusion over 3 times as energetic as

fission per mass per event.

No, a gamma ray is a highly energetic form of electromagnetic radiation, not a natural disaster. Natural disasters refer to catastrophic events like earthquakes, hurricanes, or wildfires that cause widespread destruction and harm to human life and property.

The force that holds protons and neutrons inside the nucleus is officially called the strong nuclear force. This is one of the four fundamental forces of the universe (the others being gravitation, the weak nuclear force, and the electromagnetic force). Scientists are still trying to work out exactly why these forces exist. It has been hypothesized that the basic forces of the universe came into being at the time of the Big Bang and are essentially a random byproduct of that event.

Parity violation beta decay is a type of nuclear decay process in which the weak nuclear force violates the conservation of parity. In regular beta decay, the emitted electron or positron has a preferred direction of emission, violating the principle of parity conservation. This phenomenon was first observed in the decay of cobalt-60 nuclei in a landmark experiment conducted in the 1950s by Wu and colleagues.

Japanese physicist Hantaro Nagaoka first transmuted a milligram of gold and iridium from mercury by nuclear bombardment in March 1924.

The experiment was repeated in 1941 at Oak Ridge, Tennessee, but the product was radioactive.

No, the Higgs boson is a fundamental particle that exists within the framework of the standard model of particle physics. It is not a physical object that can exist in astronomical structures like nebulae.

An anode is positive, Cathode is negative. As such, an anode would usually be denoted as +

If that is what you meant.

It is true that unstable nuclei will undergo radioactive decay in order to gain stability. These include nuclei of #43 Technitium (Tc), any nucleus containing more that 83 protons and any nucleus with a high neutron-to-proton ratio, such as carbon-14. The most common forms of decay are by emission of an alpha particle (2 protons and 2 neutrons ... a helium nucleus!) or a beta-negative decay in which a neutron bcomes a proton by emitting an electron and an antineutrino.

A nucleus that starts to decay is called a radioactive nucleus or atom. It decays with a known and unique half life by several processes including but not limited to beta decay, alpha decay, electron capture decay, and positron emission.

Thorium decay chains are series of radioactive decays that thorium undergoes as it transforms into different elements. These decay chains ultimately lead to the production of stable isotopes of lead. Thorium decay chains are important in nuclear reactors and the study of radioactive decay processes.

None whatsoever -- these three phenomena have almost nothing in common beyond (1) they all might come from radioactive material and (2) scientists of about 100 years knew so little about them that they simply named them the first three letters of the greek alphabet.

Ernest Rutherford used alpha particles to bombard a thin gold foil. In the early 1900's, particle accelerators were new and worked on the same principle as the old TV sets (before the plasma and LED ones we have now)

The alpha particle was emitted from radium bromide in to a vacuum tube with a large electric field applied. The alpha, with charge = +2 electrons, was accelerated in the electric field and made to hit the gold foil. By looking at the ways the alpha particles bounced off the foil, Rutherford formulated a model of the atomic structure more or less as we know it today - A dense nucleus and electrons floating around the outside. Basically, the vast majority of the atom volume is vacuum.

He didn't use protons because there is no radioactive substance which emits protons. Only alpha emiitters (2p + 2n), beta elecron/positron emitters and gamme (high energy light) emitters exist naturally.

Antimatter is a type of matter that has the opposite properties of normal matter. When a particle of matter meets its corresponding antiparticle, they annihilate each other, releasing a large amount of energy in the process. Antimatter is rare in the universe and is mostly created in high-energy environments like particle accelerators.

B. The name of the element does not change during beta decay. The atomic number (Z) increases by one unit as a neutron is converted to a proton, while the mass number (A) remains the same.

Alpha particles from Thorium-232 decay have very low penetration power and can typically travel only a few centimeters in body fluids. This means that the surrounding tissues within a short distance of the particle's source would be affected by its radiation.

There are 4 different types of decay, the first is alpha decay this releases a helium nucleus ( 2 protons and 2 neutrons) the second is a beta particle also known as an electron. The third is beta minus decay which is a positron, it is the same as an electron in every way except it has a positive charge where as an electron has a negative charge. The last is gamma decay, which releases a gamma ray, this is a type of electromagnetic wave.

When C-6 (carbon-6) emits a beta particle, it becomes nitrogen-6 (N-6) as a result of beta decay. Beta decay involves the transformation of a neutron into a proton within the nucleus, causing the element to change.

A fissile nucleus is an atomic nucleus that is capable of undergoing fission when bombarded by neutrons. This process releases a large amount of energy, making fissile nuclei important for nuclear reactors and nuclear weapons. Examples of fissile nuclei include uranium-235 and plutonium-239.

Branching decay occurs in the thorium series because there are multiple pathways for the decay of thorium nuclei. Thorium can decay through alpha decay, beta decay, gamma decay, and other processes, leading to different end products with varying probabilities. These branching decay pathways contribute to the overall complexity of the thorium decay chain.

1. Short-range: nuclear forces act over distances on the scale of atomic nuclei, typically less than 1 femtometer.
2. Strong: nuclear forces are the strongest forces in nature, holding protons and neutrons together in the nucleus through the exchange of mesons.
3. Saturated: nuclear forces are saturating, meaning they do not depend on the number of nucleons interacting but act equally between all pairs of nucleons.

They can be. Some radioactive elements are chemical poisons, apart from their radioactivity, but beyond some fairly low level, the radiation itself can damage cells and tissues. High radiation doses can cause biological tissues (that's US!) to break down fairly quickly causing rapid death, and moderate radiation doses can cause cancers which can kill you over longer time periods.

Low doses of radiation are probably harmless; the level of "low" is a matter of some dispute among scientists and doctors.

When Fr-223 undergoes alpha decay, it emits an alpha particle consisting of two protons and two neutrons. This transforms the nucleus into a different element with atomic number decreased by 2 and atomic mass number decreased by 4.

The change in mass number from 211 to 207 after a decay is due to the emission of an alpha particle, which consists of two protons and two neutrons. When an alpha particle is emitted during radioactive decay, the mass number decreases by 4 and the atomic number decreases by 2.

Yes, nuclear cross section is typically measured in barns, where 1 barn is equal to 1×10^-28 square meters. The barn unit is used because nuclear cross sections are typically very small and measuring them in square meters would result in very small decimal values.