Oil and Petroleum

A dry sample is used in determination of crude fat to remove water content, which can interfere with the accuracy of the results. By using a dry sample, the fat content can be extracted more effectively using a solvent, producing more accurate results.

It all depends on where the seeds were obtained, how they plants were grown, how long it took the plants to flower, and trillions of other variables. No two harvests ever have the same THC content, however, Sour Diesel tends to be somewhere in the 17%-21% range. Its good stuff, don't waste it.

Some of the most important physical properties of crude oil include:

oAPI

oAPI = (141.5/SG 15oF) - 131.5 The purpose of this equation was to extend the range of the specific gravity scale. Crude oil SG changes, although small, may be important.

Crude Oils oAPI = 10 - 50

Higher oAPI, more paraffinic crude, higher yields of gasoline.

Lower oAPI, more aromatic crude, lower yields of gasoline.

Viscosity

Resistance to flow, usually measured @ 100oF in centistokes (kinimatic viscosity)

Pour Point

Measured by ASTM D-97 - temperature at which oil ceases to flow. Diesel may contain waxes, smaller than candle wax, which could solidify in cold weather.

Flash Point

Temperature above which the oil will spontaneously combust. Fractions in vacuum tower are the least combustible. They are the heaviest.

Vapor Pressure

Measured by ASTM D-323. Also know as Reid vapor pressure (RVP). True vapor pressure is usually 5-9% > RVP

Carbon Residue

The solid residue (%wt) remaining after heating to coking temperatures (700-800oC)

ASTM D-524 Ramsbottom Carbon

ASTM D-189 Conradson Carbon

CCR incr. then Asphaltene incr.

Salt Content

Measured by ASTM - 3230 (lb NaCl/1000 bbl)

Desalting is necessary because NaCl content > 10 lbs/1000 bbl leads to corrosion

Metals

Measured by EPA Method 3040 These include Ni, V, Ag, Hg, Na, and Ca. Metals can cause catalyst deactivation and corrosion.

Sediment and Water

Measured by ASTM D - 96 These inorganic particles can lead to operational problems.

Acidity

Measured by ASTM - 664

Sulfur

Measured by ASTM D - 129, 1552, 2622

Sour crudes > 0.5 wt% and sweet crudes < 0.5 wt%. Today it is difficult to find crudes below 1% sulfur.

Perchloroethylene, also known as "perc," is commonly used as a solvent for dry cleaning clothes. It is effective at removing stains and dirt from fabrics without causing damage.

Heavy crude oil is typically cheaper than light crude oil because it requires more processing to remove impurities and make it usable. This additional processing increases the overall cost of production, which is then reflected in the price of heavy crude oil compared to light crude oil. Additionally, heavy crude oil tends to have higher sulphur content, which can further increase the cost of refining.

Some common things made out of oil include gasoline, plastic products, lubricants, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Oil is a versatile resource used in various industries for different purposes.

Crude will never run out, but it will run terrifyingly short due to the population of planet earth and the dependency on oil. Crude oil is a renewable resource although some say it is not. Oil is created over millions of years of temperature and pressure on decaying matter such as plant life or animal life. Oil will make itself just as it did when we discovered it. Though with the amount consumed today, the amount will never reach a sustainable level.

Hydrogen and Carbon :) hope it helped .. :)

Symbols are given to elements. Formulas describe compounds. Petroleum contains up to 3,000 different compounds, many in very small quantities. Further, every field has a unique mixture of compounds, so no one formula would work.

See link.

Petroleum mixture consists of hydrocarbons like oil and gas, whereas gold ore mixture contains gold particles mixed with other minerals. Petroleum is a fossil fuel used for energy, while gold ore is mined for its precious metal value. The extraction and processing methods for each substance are also different due to their distinct properties.

Fractional distillation is the process used to separate the hydrocarbons in crude oil. This process involves heating the crude oil to a high temperature, vaporizing it, and then cooling and condensing the vapors at different temperature ranges to obtain different fractions like gasoline, diesel, and kerosene. Each fraction contains hydrocarbons with similar boiling points.

Yes, gasoline and petrol are two different terms used to refer to the same fuel commonly used in cars. "Gasoline" is the term used in the United States, while "petrol" is the term used in countries such as the United Kingdom and Australia. Both refer to the same refined petroleum product used as fuel for internal combustion engines.

Crude oil is the raw, unrefined form of oil extracted from the ground, while petroleum oil refers to the refined products obtained from processing crude oil, such as gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel. Petroleum oil is the end product that is used for various purposes, whereas crude oil is the starting material before refining.

YES!!! DEinitely!!!!!

By the simple fact that the car engine becomes hot, when the engine is running (burning petrol).

Petrol is a hydrovarbon. When combusted in a car engine, it is a chemical reaction between the hydrocarbon (petrol) and oxygen(air). This chemical reaction is exothermic, ( releases energy/heat). This release of energy is done in a very small space, hence the hot expanding gases push the piston down, and thereby mechanically move the car.

The heat energy that you feel is waste energy. However, this 'waste' energy is used to heat the car interior.

Here is a chemical word equation

hydrocarbon + air =electric spark-> Carbon dioxide + Water.

Hope that helps!!!!!

Yes, candle wax can dissolve in petrol because both substances are nonpolar and similar in structure, allowing them to mix together. Petrol can break down the molecular structure of the wax, causing it to dissolve and form a homogeneous solution.

One barrel of crude oil contains 42 US gallons or approximately 159 liters.

The dynamic viscosity of diesel typically ranges from 1.3 to 4.5 centipoise at room temperature. The viscosity of diesel can vary based on factors such as temperature and the composition of the fuel.

They are made from crude oil, a fossil fuel that is extracted from the ground. This crude oil is refined through a process called fractional distillation to produce gasoline, jet fuel, and diesel, among other products.

Petrol and kerosene are more flammable than diesel, gas, and bitumen. Diesel and gas require higher temperatures to ignite, while bitumen is a thick, viscous substance with a higher flash point, making it less flammable than the other options.

The purity of petrol is typically measured by analyzing its composition through techniques such as gas chromatography. This process assesses the presence and concentration of impurities such as sulfur, aromatics, and olefins. Furthermore, purity can also be evaluated by testing for adherence to industry standards and regulations.

Crude oil residue refers to the leftover material that remains after crude oil has been processed or refined. This residue can contain impurities and heavier components that are not suitable for further refining processes, and it is often used for other applications such as asphalt production or for fuel oil.

Yes, some types of glue are made from petroleum-based products derived from crude oil, such as synthetic adhesives. These adhesives are made by processing and refining crude oil to create polymers that can then be used in glue formulations.

No, petroleum jelly does not contain gasoline. Petroleum jelly is made from a mixture of mineral oils and waxes, while gasoline is a refined petroleum product used as fuel for engines.

Crude oil is primarily composed of hydrocarbons, which are molecules made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms. These hydrocarbons can range from simple molecules like methane to complex chains of carbon atoms. Other constituents in crude oil can include sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen compounds.

Crude oil is primarily composed of hydrocarbons, which are molecules made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms. It can also contain small amounts of sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen compounds. The specific composition of crude oil can vary based on its source.