0
Particle Physics
Relatively recent experimental results have confirmed what philosophers throughout history had theorized all along; that all matter is made up of elementary particles. Those curious about this cutting-edge field of physics known as particle physics should post their questions here, including those about fundamental particles, fundamental forces, Grand Unified Theories, and the extraordinary devices that have been or need to be engineered to research them.
3,842 Questions
Describe the type of electron configuration that makes an atom stable and not likely to react?
A full valence shell of electrons, typically with eight electrons, known as the octet rule, makes an atom stable and less likely to react with other atoms. This configuration is achieved by gaining, losing, or sharing electrons to reach a noble gas configuration. Atoms with a full valence shell are generally more stable and do not readily form chemical bonds.
How many outer shell electrons does copper have?
Copper is a non metal element. There are 29 electrons in a single atom.
What is subatomic particle that is a nuclear binder?
The subatomic particle that acts as a nuclear binder is the neutron. Neutrons help stabilize atomic nuclei by balancing the repulsive forces between positively charged protons in the nucleus, thus preventing it from breaking apart. This makes neutrons essential for maintaining the stability of atoms and allowing them to form into elements.
Valence electrons determine an atoms what?
Valence electrons determine an atom’s reactivity and ability to form chemical bonds with other atoms. The number of valence electrons also influences an atom’s physical and chemical properties, such as its melting and boiling points.
How many electrons are in platinum?
When it has no charge there are 78.
the number of electrons is always equal to the number of protons, both are the atomic number. the atomic number of platinum is 78, so 78 electrons and 78 protons too.
What are the subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom?
The proton and the neutron. (Both, in turn, are made up of quarks.)
When did JJ Thomson discover the electron?
J.J. Thomson discovered the electron in 1897 while conducting experiments on cathode rays. He observed that these rays could be deflected by electric and magnetic fields, leading him to propose the existence of a negatively charged particle within the atom, which he named the electron.
Where is the neutron located in an atom?
The neutron in an atom is always found in the nucleus. It is a nucleon (a particle making up an atomic nucleus), and, with a proton (which is also a nucleon) or protons, makes up all the elements other than (most) hydrogen.
In the nucleus along with the protons.
Who discovered the electron cloud?
The concept of the electron cloud was developed by Erwin Schrödinger in 1926 as part of his wave mechanics theory. Schrödinger's work built upon previous discoveries in quantum theory made by scientists such as Max Planck, Albert Einstein, and Niels Bohr.
What subatomic particles are found outside the nucleus of an atom?
Electrons are the subatomic particles found outside the nucleus of an atom. These negatively charged particles occupy the electron shells surrounding the nucleus and are involved in chemical bonding with other atoms.
Which subatomic particle has no charge?
A neutron is the subatomic particle that has no charge. It is found within the nucleus of atoms and contributes to the stability of the nucleus by balancing the positive charge of protons.
Quarks are fundamental particles that are not made up of smaller particles. They are generated during high-energy collisions, such as those that occur in particle accelerators like the Large Hadron Collider. Quarks are always found in groups, bound together by the strong force to form particles known as hadrons like protons and neutrons.
What are the effects of a magnet on an electron beam?
A magnet will adversely effect the beams path by deflecting it once it passes close enough to the magnet. This is why magnets are used in the column of an eb weld machine. If a magnet were to be placed in an eb weld chamber and an the beam was shot at the magnet, the beam would deflect drastically. That said, I have personally welded parts containing magnets directly beneath the surface to be welded by using steel shunts to absorb the magnets pull. Although it didn't completley stop the magnets effect on the beam, it dampened the effect drastically and allowed for successful welding.
Where are the neutrons located in the fluorine atom?
Neutrons are always located within the nucleus in the case of all elements
The axion is an hypothetical particle, which has never been detected. It was born as an elegant solution to the problem of CP in strong interactions and is one of the candidates for dark matter.
What is the complete absence of matter?
No, the absence of matter would be a vacuum, which is quite different from a black hole. A regular black hole has a fairly large amount of mass (which is basically the same as matter) in a small space.
Amount of neutrons and electrons in fluorine?
9 protons, 9 electrons and 10 neutrons in F-19 isotope.
When excited electrons radiate energy the amount of energy given off is equal to?
The amount of energy given off by excited electrons when they radiate energy is equal to the difference in energy level between the initial and final states. This emitted energy is typically in the form of photons.
What year did Rutherford do his experiment?
The Geiger-Marsden experiment, which is also called the gold foil experiment or the Rutherford experiment, was conducted by Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden in 1909, under Earnest Rutherford's direction. You need a link to the Wikipedia post on this ground-breaking experiment, and we've got one for you.
Do protons electrons or neutrons have more mass?
Neutrons.
Neutrons and Protons have approximately the same mass, and electrons have comparatively almost no mass!
Protons do have mass, but not very much. A proton's mass is 1.66 x 10-24g, and it takes 6.02 x 1023 of them to make a gram (with thanks to the Italian chemist Avogadro, whom that number is named for).
Why is electron arrangement so important?
Electron arrangement determines the chemical properties and reactivity of an element or compound. It governs how atoms interact with each other to form bonds, which influences their physical and chemical properties. Understanding electron arrangement helps predict how an element will behave in different chemical reactions and environments.
What are electrons in the outer shell called?
Electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom are called valence electrons. These electrons are involved in forming chemical bonds with other atoms to achieve a stable configuration. The number of valence electrons determines an element's reactivity and chemical properties.
What are virtual particle pairs?
As I understand it, one has to look at Heisenbergs principle of uncertainty in which he states that 'The more precisely the position of a particle is determined, the less precisely the momentum is known'. Apparantly this concept of uncertainty can be applied to the amount of energy that can be contained in a vacuum. The energy in this vacuum is always constant but due to the uncertainty principle there will always be some uncertainty which will provide access for a 'nonzero energy' to enter that vacuum, and temporarily remain there. Because energy equals matter and the reverse, the uncertainty fluctuations are able to produce 'particle pairs' a particle and anti-particle. Because they cannot be directly measured they are called 'virtual particles'. Professor Hawkings has theorised that if black holes do emit any form of thermal radiation, it might be due to the existence of these particles separating at the event horizon.
