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Particle Physics
Relatively recent experimental results have confirmed what philosophers throughout history had theorized all along; that all matter is made up of elementary particles. Those curious about this cutting-edge field of physics known as particle physics should post their questions here, including those about fundamental particles, fundamental forces, Grand Unified Theories, and the extraordinary devices that have been or need to be engineered to research them.
3,842 Questions
Outside the nucleus are electrons that are involved in what?
Outside the nucleus, electrons are present in their orbits. The valence electrons present outside is involved in forming bonds with other atoms. (figure it out yourself scrub)
Find an electron dot diagram for nA2O?
i think it's meant to be NO4 3- .. an ion because it's NO2 - and NO3 2-
but then i don't know how they're actually bonded! i guess there's deffo one dative bond between N and O and then either 3 dot cross ones ..or another dative from n to o and one from an o to n and one dot cross! but i expect it's three dot crosses and one dative! because it's more even.. probs.
guut luck anyway :D i think it's meant to be NO4 3- .. an ion because it's NO2 - and NO3 2-
but then i don't know how they're actually bonded! i guess there's deffo one dative bond between N and O and then either 3 dot cross ones ..or another dative from n to o and one from an o to n and one dot cross! but i expect it's three dot crosses and one dative! because it's more even.. probs.
guut luck anyway :D
What is the point of a neutron?
A neutron's "point" is to become a building block of an atom. The question may be "better" than it may first appear, because if a neutron is released from a nucleus during fission or radioactive decay, if it doesn't become absorbed by another nucleus, it will decay. It's half life is on the order of 886 seconds, or something a bit under 15 minutes. The neutron is an absolute necessity in atomic construction. No atomic nuclei with more than one proton can exist without a neutron or neutrons contributing to the mass deficit that creates the binding energy. (Protons don't like each other, remember? Right.) The neutron lives to be a part of an atomic nucleus. It doesn't last long when it's on its own.
What does it mean for an atom to be neutral?
It means that the atom has no charge (not positive or negative). This is because there are an equal number of protons and electrons in the atom.
When an atom has a charge it is called an ion.
How many valence electrons does an atom of any halogen have?
A halogen is located in group 17 of the periodic table, so the electron configuration for the valance electron would be ns2np5 (n=energy level). So all halogens have 7 valance electrons.
MeV stands for "million electronvolts." It is a unit of energy commonly used in nuclear and particle physics to measure the energy of particles. One electronvolt is the amount of kinetic energy gained by an electron when accelerated through an electric potential difference of one volt.
How many unpaired electrons are in Iron-III?
There are 5 unpaired electrons in Fe^3+ in its ground state.
Subatomic particle with a neutral charge?
The neutron is a subatomic particle with a neutral charge. Neutrons are found in the nucleus of an atom along with protons, which have a positive charge, and electrons, which have a negative charge.
How many particle accelerators or cyclotrons exist in the US?
22 particle accelerators are located in the US, 78in the world.
88" Cycl.
88-Inch Cyclotron, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL), Berkeley, CA
ALS
Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL), Berkeley, CA (ALS Status)
ANL
Argonne National Laboratory, Chicago, IL (Advanced Photon Source APS [status], Intense Pulsed Neutron Source IPNS, Argonne Tandem Linac Accelerator System ATLAS)
BNL
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY (AGS, ATF, NSLS, RHIC)
CAMD
Center for Advanced Microstructures and Devices ???
CESR
Cornell Electron-positron Storage Ring, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (CESR Status)
CHESS
Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
CNL
Crocker Nuclear Laboratory, University of California Davis, Davis, CA
FNAL
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory , Batavia, IL(Tevatron)
IAC
Idaho accelerator center, Pocatello, ID
IUCF
Indiana University Cyclotron Facility, Bloomington, IN
JLab
aka TJNAF, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (formerly known as CEBAF), Newport News, VA
LAC
Louisiana Accelerator Center, U of Louisiana at Lafayette, LA
LANL
Los Alamos National Laboratory ???
MIBL
Michigan Ion Beam Laboratory, University of MichiganAnn Arbor, MI
NSCL
National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University East Lansing, MI
ORNL
Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, TN
PBPL
Particle Beam Physics Lab (Neptune-Laboratory, PEGASUS - Photoelectron Generated Amplified Spontaneous Radition Source) ???
SLAC
Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, (SLC - SLAC Linear electron positron Collider, SSRL - Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory) ???
SNS
Spallation Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN
SRC
Synchrotron Radiation Center, U of Wisconsin - Madison, WI
SURF III
Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiation Facility, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD
What controls the point of impact of an electron beam?
The point of impact of an electron beam is controlled by electromagnetic fields generated by focusing elements such as lenses or magnets. These elements manipulate the trajectory of the electrons to ensure they hit the desired spot on a target material. The strength and configuration of these fields determine the accuracy and precision of the impact point.
When electrons lose energy and return to their initial state what is given off?
When electrons lose energy and return to their initial state, they give off light in the form of photons. The energy of the emitted light corresponds to the energy difference between the initial and final states of the electron.
In an ion your protons do not change it will always stay the same. So in this case Lithium would hae three protons
How any electrons are in 1.0 coulomb of charge?
There are approximately 6.24 x 10^18 electrons in 1.0 coulomb of charge.
Previous answer submitted was "electrons are made up of quarks"
They most certainly are not! Electrons are leptons. Leptons are NOT made of quarks (the proton and the neutron are barions and thus made of 3 quarks). Fermions are believed to be fundamental meaning they are not made up of any smaller particle. However, some research has shown that they may be made up lesser charged particles "quasi-particles" which are a mixture of boson and fermion called ANYONS (bosons are massless (like light patricles) and fermions and leptons have mass)
[This is quantum physics by the way, not chemistry]
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The above answer is not exactly correct either (I think he wanted to say are electrons made of matter).
Electrons are made up of something, we simply don't know the nature of this matter. But electrons as fundamental particles are not divisible in other smaller particles.
What are protons and neutrons made up of?
The Protons and neutrons are made up of particles are called "quarks"; upward quark (charge +2/3) and downward quark (charge -1/3).
The proton is composed of two upward quarks and one downward quark
The neutron is composed of one upward quark and two downward quarks.
The smaller particles that make up neutrons and protons are known as quarks. Atoms are considered to be the building blocks of our universe.
What is the electron configuration of aluminum?
The electron configuration of aluminum is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1. This means aluminum has 13 electrons in total, with two in the first energy level, eight in the second energy level, and three in the third energy level.
CERN is the birthplace of what?
quoting CERN's public pages: "Where the web was born Tim Berners-Lee, a scientist at CERN, invented the World Wide Web (WWW) in 1990. The Web, as it is affectionately called, was originally conceived and developed to meet the demand for automatic information sharing between scientists working in different universities and institutes all over the world."
How does the mass of an electron compare to that of a neutron?
The nucleus is far more massive than the electron cloud. The mass of the electron cloud is almost negligible compared to that of the nucleus.
Is it true that a solute with small particles dissolve more quickly than one with large particles?
In general, yes; the same amount of mass will probably dissolve more slowly if divided into a few large particles than into many small particles. This is because dissolution takes place at the surface, and small particles have a higher surface area to volume ratio than large particles (assuming the particles are the same shape).
What is a neutral subatomic particle?
A neutral subatomic particle is a particle that has no electric charge, such as a neutron. Neutrons are found in the nucleus of atoms and play a crucial role in stabilizing the nucleus due to their neutral charge.
What law says that energy cannot be created or destroyed only changed?
The law that states "energy cannot be created or destroyed, only changed from one form to another" is known as the Law of Conservation of Energy. This principle is a fundamental concept in physics and is supported by various scientific experiments and observations.
Who invented the electron microscope?
German physist Ernst Bruche invented it with the help of his assistant, Ernst Ruska. Sadly, his assistant betrayed him, and went to work for someone else. Ernst Ruska got the Nobel Prize for his invention, but it should have belonged to Ernst Bruche.
Some Electron Microscope History:It is widely accepted that the first PROTOTYPE of an electron microscope was built by Ernst Ruska and Max Knoll in 1931; it was not more powerful than an optical microscope, but it demonstrated the principle that is still used in today's sophisticated and powerful instruments, and earned its builders a share of a Nobel Prize. In 1933, Ruska built a a new prototype instrument that was more powerful than any optical microscope, but still just an experimental instrument.
The first PRACTICAL electron microscope was not constructed until 1938, by Eli F Burton of the University of Toronto along with students Cecil Hall, James Hillier and Albert Prebus.
There does not seem to be any literature linking Ernst Ruska to Ernst Bruche, nor any literature relating any claim by Bruche to developmental work on the electron microscope. Some bibliography is going to have to be provided in order for the sad tale of Ruska betraying Bruche to be credible.
Oxygen has 8 electrons, with 2 in the inner shell and 6 in the outer shell. The outer shell is not full, so oxygen can form bonds with other atoms to complete its valence shell and achieve stability. This is why oxygen typically forms covalent bonds with other atoms to complete its outer electron shell.
What are the three major particles of the atom their charges and location in the atom?
Neutron: A neutral particle (0 e or C) found in the nucleus at the center of the atom.
Proton: A positive particle (+1 e or 1.602 × 10-19 Coulombs) found in the nucleus at the center of the atom.
Electron: A negative particle (-1 e or -1.602 × 10-19 Coulombs) found in orbitals within "shells" around the nucleus of the atom.
See links and questions below for more information.
Shelves where electrons can be found?
Energy Levels.
1st energy level can contain 2 Electrons
2nd energy level can contain 8 Electrons
3rd energy level can contain 18 Electrons
4th energy level can contain 36 Electrons
