Persian Empire

It was the Athenian and Plataian armies, which defeated the inferior Persian infantry caught without its cavalry support.

Cyrus the Great dominated the Medes, and the combined power launched the spread of the Persians into their own empire.

Yes - the Persians in the 6th Century BCE, the Macedonians in the 4th Century BCE.

To continue their traditional form of local government and customs, overseen by a provincial governor.

It added an extra area to its empire, and the revenue therefrom.

He divided it into 20 provinces (satrapies) ruled by provincial governors (satraps) responsible for internal and external defence, leaving the local cities/tribes/principalities to run affairs. He and a council oversaw their actions.

The Empire was expanded by Cyrus the Great , its founder. It was further expanded into Africa by his son Cambyses, and then rounded out by Darius I. The roads were built progressively by them and their successor kings.

Greek attacks on the Persian navy

Today's Parsees, who follow the Zoroastrian religion of its founder Zarathustra.

These are the provinces of the Empire mentioned by the historian Herodotus:

1. The Ionians, the Magnesians in Asia, the Aeolians, Carians, Lycians, Milyans, and Pamphylians contributed together a total sum of 400 talents of silver.

2. The Mysians, Lydians, Lasonians, Cabalians, and Hytennians, 500 talents.

3. The people on the southern shore of the Hellespont, the Phrygians, the Thracians of Asia, the Paphlagonians, Mariandynians, and Syrians, 360 talents.

4. The Cilicians paid 500 talents of silver, together with 360 white horses (one for each day in the year); of the money, 140 talents were used to maintain the cavalry force which guarded Cilicia, and the remaining 360 went to Darius.

5. From the town of Posidium, which was founded by Amphilochus, son of Amphiaraus, on the border between Cilicia and Syria, as far as Egypt - omitting Arabian territory, which was free of tax, came 350 talents. This province contains the whole of Phoenicia and that part of Syria which is called Palestine, and Cyprus.

6. Egypt, together with the Libyans on the border and the towns of Cyrene and Barca (both included in the province of Egypt) paid 700 talents, in addition to the money from the fish in Lake Moeris, and the 120,000 bushels of grain allowed to the Persian troops and their auxiliaries who were stationed in the White Castle at Memphis.

7. The Sattagydians, Gandarians, Dadicae, and Aparytae paid a joint tax of 170 talents.

8. Susa, with the rest of Cissia - 300 talents.

9. Babylon and Assyria - 1000 talents of silver and 500 eunuch boys.

10. Ecbatana and the rest of Media, with the Paricanians and Orthocorybantes - 450 talents.

11. Caspians, Pausicae, Pantimathi, and Daritae - a joint sum of 200 talents.

12. The Bactrians and their neighbors as far as the Aegli 360 talents.

13. Sakâ tigrakhaudâ. Relief from the eastern stairs of the Apadana at Persepolis. Pactyica, together with the Armenians and their neighbors as far as the Black Sea - 400 talents.

14. The Sagartians, Sarangians, Thamanaeans, Utians, Myci, together with the inhabitants of the islands in the Persian gulf where the king sends prisoners and others displaced from their homes in war - 600 talents.

15. The Sacae and Caspians - 250 talents.

16. The Parthians, Chorasmians, Sogdians, and Arians -300 talents.

17. The Paricanians and Asiatic Ethiopians - 400 talents.

18. The Matienians, Saspires, and Alarodians - 200 talents.

19. The Moschi, Tibareni, Macrones, Mosynoeci, and Mares - 300 talents.

20. The Indians, the most populous nation in the known world, paid the largest sum: 360 talents of gold-dust.

It was merely a Persian religious sect which did not have a political influence. The Persian Empire was divided into 20 provinces (satrapies) with a Persian governor (satrap), overseen by the king and his council, an entirely practical approach, not a religious one.

The were kings of the Persian Empire in the 6th and 5th Centuries BCE.

He tried to establish peace, security and stability in the empire he established, leaving local cities, principalities and tribes to continue their own culture and self-rule.

Marathon.

Darius I restored order to Persia by implementing a series of administrative reforms that centralized governance and improved efficiency. He divided the empire into provinces called satrapies, each overseen by a governor (satrap) who was accountable to the king. Darius also standardized weights, measures, and currencies, facilitating trade and economic stability. Additionally, he constructed an extensive road system, including the Royal Road, which enhanced communication and military mobilization across the vast empire.

First they sent emissaries around the city-states with god, bribing cites to join with them. Against the hold-outs they advanced by land, with a flanking fleet which threatened the southern Greek city-states, so the cities kept their armies at home defending their walls and so would be unable to unite into a string force, allowing the Persians to take over the cities one by one.

Cyrus The Great

It enforced internal peace and security, external protection, and promoted prosperity.

Libya-Egypt, Middle East, Persia, central Asia, today's Pakistan.

Imperial

It didn't unite it, it provided a means of communication between the king and his 20 provincial governors. It also facilitated the movement of armies to trouble spots in areas without sea communications.

Each city or tribal area generated produce according to its fertility ad land. Trade was facilitated by the peace which the Persians enforced.