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Persian Wars
The Persian Wars were a series of sackings, invasions, and takeovers that lasted for over 700 years. The Persians fought against Hellenic city states, but the brunt of the wars were against the Romans. Centuries of supporting military through wartime caused serious economic hardship for both the Persians and the Romans.
521 Questions
After the Persian Wars what city-state became dominant?
For three decades, Sparta until overthrown by Thebes.
What caused the start of the Persian Wars?
The Greek city-states of Asia Minor revolted against Persian rule.
He delivered the message and then promptly collapsed and died on the spot due to fatigue.
What are the characteristics of the Persian war?
It was long drawn out over 50 years.
The first phase was Persia subduing rebellions by Greek cities within the Persian empire.
The next phase was a Persian invasion of mainland Greece to attempt to bring it within the empire.
This failing, warfare became more sporadic, but going in favour of a Greek alliance
This brought about a peace, with Persia accepting the independence of the Greek cities in Asia Minor.
Athens, the leader of this alliance, did not accept the independence of these 'liberated' cities, coercing them to stay in what Athens turned into an empire of its own.
Why did the Persians loose the second Persian war?
The Greeks formed and executed a superior strategy - to eliminate the Persian naval threat to their cities and then send out their armies, which had been held back to protect their cities, to unite and drive back the Persian land force.
They defeated the Persian navy at Salamis, and as the Persians had no fleet to protect their resupply ships, they had to send half their army home for the winter. In the spring, the Greek cities sent out their armies which combined to defeat the half-strength Persian army and its Greek allies at Plataea. At the same time the Greek fleet finished off the Persian fleet rump holed up at Mycale.
What was the symbol for Persia during the Persian War?
They brought with them in 480 BCE the chariot of their god Ahura Mazda.
It seems to have been lost when Xerxes took half the army home after the battle of Salamis.
What was the Anti-Persian alliance?
The anti-persian alliance was formed by the Greeks during the 5th century BCE for mutual protection.
Who was given overall command of the Greek forces during the second Persian invasion in 480 bc?
Sparta was given the command on sea (Eurybiades) and land (Pausanius).
What was the major victory of the Persian War?
The battle on which the Greek defence against the Persian invasion turned was the sea-battle at Salamis. The Greek coalition needed to defeat the Persian navy so that it did not threaten the member city-states, forcing them to keep their armies at home defending their cities against seaborne invasion, and able to be picked off one by one by the Persian army. The Persians also relied on a supply fleet to maintain their army from Asia Minor as the Greek countryside was too poor to support the Persian army and cavalry.
The victory at Salamis meant that the remnant Persian navy was withdrawn to Asia Minor and half the Persian army had to be sent back too as it could not be fed during the winter without the Persian fleet to protect the supply ships. The following spring, with no naval threat to their home cities, the southern Greek cities sent out their armies to combine and defeat the half-remaining Persian army and its Greek allies at Plataea, so ending the invasion This all hung on the prior success at Salamis.
Would a story about Persian wars still be a primary source if it were written by a historian?
No, a primary source is a contemporary account. To write it now creates a secondary source.
Where did the Greco-Persian Wars take place?
First define the Second Persian War. The Persian War ran 499-449 BCE - it had several pheses - Ionian Revolt, Persian punitive expedition against Eretria and Athens, Persian invasion of mainland Greece, Greek counter-offensive. Which among this is supposed to be 'Second Persian War?
How does the battle of thermopylae effect the outcome of the Persian wars?
The battle delayed the Persians so they had to either go back for supplies or quickly attack the Greeks at Salamis. Unfortunately for the Persians, the Greek navy dominated the Persian fleet when they went to attack Salamis.
Where did the Persians flee after 6400 men died at the battle of Marathon?
After the Battle of Marathon defeated the Persian infantry, the Athenian army ran home 26 miles over the hills back to their city to protect it from a Persian amphibious attack launched after the battle. The marathon runs today commemorate that run by 9,000 Athenian armored warriors and their 9,000 light infantry.
Were any monuments built during the Persian War?
Yes - a major example is the temple of Zeus at Olympia about 460 BCE.
Who were the lead generals for the Spartans and the Athenians in the Persian war?
Sparta: Eurybiades and Pausanias.
Athens: Miltiades. Themistocles, Xanthippos. Cimon
Who was the leader of a powerful alliance of Greek city states after the Persian Wars?
Athens converted the Delian League into an empire of its own, and used the forces and money to attempt to dominate the Greek world.
What was an important result of the Persian wars?
The answer is that Greek independence was preserved.
Why did Athens win the Persian war?
It did not win the Persian Wars, which went from 499 to 449 BCE. On the Greek side there were over 200 city-states of which Athens was one.
What country was liberated after the Persian war?
The Greek world comprised hundreds of city-states, not a country. About 200 cities were liberated from Persian rule and peace, and could engage in their usual fighting of each other.
Half true. Athens already had the strongest navy, and used it to extract payment from the Delian League states. After the Persian Empire agreed to peace, Athens continued to extort the money, using the fleet to collect it. It also spent the money on aggrandising Athens and keeping half its population on the public payroll.
How many invasions of Greece were in the Persian Wars?
There were several minor fights in northern Greece, and a delaying action at Thermopylae. The main battles were the sea battle at Salamis and the land battle at Plataia.
