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Planetary Science

Planetary Science is the study of Planets and the Solar System, a combination of Astronomy and Earth Sciences. Find questions about the different planets and more.

25,144 Questions

At what distance from the Earth will a spacecraft traveling directly from the Earth to the Moon experience zero net force because the Earth and Moon pull with equal and opposite forces?

First of all, once you are in a spaceship, you won't feel gravitation, because you are in "free fall".

Anyway, to calculate this, consider that the Sun has 330,000 times the mass of Earth. Also consider the inverse-square relation. Therefore, for the two forces to cancel, the object would have to be square-root(330,000) or about 574 times farther from the Sun, than from the Earth - a distance of about 260,000 kilometers from Earth.

First of all, once you are in a spaceship, you won't feel gravitation, because you are in "free fall".

Anyway, to calculate this, consider that the Sun has 330,000 times the mass of Earth. Also consider the inverse-square relation. Therefore, for the two forces to cancel, the object would have to be square-root(330,000) or about 574 times farther from the Sun, than from the Earth - a distance of about 260,000 kilometers from Earth.

First of all, once you are in a spaceship, you won't feel gravitation, because you are in "free fall".

Anyway, to calculate this, consider that the Sun has 330,000 times the mass of Earth. Also consider the inverse-square relation. Therefore, for the two forces to cancel, the object would have to be square-root(330,000) or about 574 times farther from the Sun, than from the Earth - a distance of about 260,000 kilometers from Earth.

First of all, once you are in a spaceship, you won't feel gravitation, because you are in "free fall".

Anyway, to calculate this, consider that the Sun has 330,000 times the mass of Earth. Also consider the inverse-square relation. Therefore, for the two forces to cancel, the object would have to be square-root(330,000) or about 574 times farther from the Sun, than from the Earth - a distance of about 260,000 kilometers from Earth.

What was the Solar system's space filled with?

The space in our solar system is filled mostly with vacuum, meaning it is mostly empty of matter. There are some particles, such as gas and dust, but they are sparsely distributed. The solar system is defined by the gravitational influence of the Sun, which keeps the planets and other objects in orbit.

What was the maximum and minimum temperature of last week?

Please include the date in your question.

This answer would have to be changed every single week to remain true, which nobody has the time or patience for.

How many bottles does it take to circle the earth?

I'm going to say 200 million.

That's a circumference at the equator of 40,000 km, muliplied by 5000 bottles per kilometer, assuming 20cm length bottles or 5 per metre placed end to end.

About how many degrees does the Earth move around the sun during one full cycle of the moon?

The moon does not orbit the sun independently; it orbits the earth. So the moon orbits the sun in about 365 and a quarter days, just like earth. Same as the Earth 365 1/4 days Same as the Earth 365 1/4 days

Which is hottest lava or sun?

It depends on what is burning. While lava can be as hot as 2200 F, some flames can be much hotter, such as 3600 F or more, while a candle flame can be as low as 1800 F.
It would depend. Lava is hotter than a typical wood or coal-buring fire, but some flames, such as that of an acetylene torch, is hotter than lava.

Does Pluto's properties more closely resemble those of the gas giant's large moons than of the other planets?

Pluto's properties are more similar to those of the large moons of gas giants rather than the terrestrial planets. This is because Pluto is much smaller, has a more elongated orbit, and is made primarily of ice and rock. Additionally, its thin atmosphere and lack of a clear path around the Sun align it more closely to the characteristics of large moons like Triton or Europa.

Which objects in the solar system have been least modified since the formation of the solar system?

Objects in the outer solar system, such as dwarf planets like Pluto, and Kuiper Belt objects, are believed to have been least modified since the formation of the solar system. These objects are located far from the Sun and have experienced less heating and geological activity compared to objects closer to the Sun. Additionally, some asteroids in the Main Belt between Mars and Jupiter are considered primitive, with little alteration since the early solar system.

What is 1.5 AU?

1.5 AU (astronomical units) is a unit of measurement equal to the average distance between the Earth and the Sun, approximately 93 million miles (150 million kilometers). It is often used to describe distances within our solar system.

What makes neptunes rings unique?

Neptune's rings are believed to be made up of fragments of dust and ice, as well as small rocks and boulders. They are darker in color compared to Saturn's rings and are thought to contain organic material. Additionally, Neptune's rings are relatively young in astronomical terms, likely formed from the breakup of one or more of its moons.

What term is used to describe the actual amount of light given off by a star at a standard distance?

The term used to describe the actual amount of light given off by a star at a standard distance is "absolute magnitude." This measurement helps astronomers compare the true brightness of stars by standardizing it for a set distance of 32.6 light-years.

How is hydrostatic equilibrium in a star determined by its mass?

In order for a star to form, gas from an interstellar cloud has to be gravitationally attracted toward a center of gravity. The strength of the gravitational attraction depends upon the amount of mass (and its density, which of course increases as the star is in the process of being formed). It takes a certain amount of mass to create a star, otherwise all you will have is an interstellar gas cloud.

Can earth have more gravity than a human body?

No. Unless unless you are a 1200 pound women then you have your gravitational pull

What did people think of solar eclipse in ancient times?

It depends on the ancient culture you're referring to.

Ancient China:

It was believed that a dragon was eating the Sun to symbolise that famine and disease was coming. The Ancient Chinese who believed this would form defences around their land to ward off the dragon, preventing famine and disease from affecting them.

They were also used to forecast predictions for the Chinese Emperors. Which was a very risky thing to do, because if you got the Emperor's forecast wrong, you were executed.

Ancient Japan:

Earthquakes.

And sometimes, earthquakes do actually occur after an eclipse. Although nowadays there is a scientific explanation, related to enhanced gravitational pull during the eclipse, resulting in an earthquake.

Superstitious Ancient Japanese would fire arrows at the eclipse to battle it. Later they even fired Tetsuho's at the eclipse.

(Tetsuho's were the first Japanese gunpowder-firearms, a heavy and extremely inaccurate hand-held cannon).

Ancient India:

Bad luck for pregnant women.

After an eclipse, pregnant women who were pregnant at the time of the event would be protected from doing household work such as weaving, cutting food, sewing and so on. This was to protect their unborn child from deformities and scars from the result of an eclipse-influenced accident.

There were many rituals performed on pregnant women, such as various bathing techniques, to ward off the "unlucky curse".

Ancient Arabia:

Message: It's time to seek forgiveness.

In Islam, the Sun and Moon are both connected to Allah's reverence.

When an eclipse occurs, it was believed that Allah was expressing his desire for the sinful to seek forgiveness and bestow greatness upon him.

Ancient Holy Roman Empire:

It was believed that an eclipse symbolised the wrath of God, casting his anger over man.

It was also seen as a threat from God to Mankind, "I am angry, appease me or Judgement Day will come".

Some Christians still believe this despite scientific evidence explaining the real reasons for the eclipse.

Ancient Babylon:

The Ancient Babylonians were one of the only ancient civilisations to get the facts about eclipses correct.

They were the first civilisation to discover that eclipses were a celestial event, not something caused by Gods or omens.

Ancient Babylonian astronomers were able to successfully forecast solar and lunar eclipses.

Ancient Egypt.

Nobody really knows.

Most of our knowledge of Ancient Egypt comes from tomb paintings and temple inscriptions. There are various theories about what Ancient Egyptians knew or thought about solar eclipses, but none of them have solid proof.

The evidence of most Egyptian knowledge, including what they knew about astronomy, mathematics and medicine, was lost in the fire of the Great Library of Alexandria.

Does saturn planet have a very tilted axis?

Yes, Saturn has a tilted axis of about 26.7 degrees relative to its orbit around the Sun. This tilt is responsible for the changing seasons on the planet as different parts receive varying amounts of sunlight throughout its orbit.

Solar system mobile is called?

That is where you get some styrofoam balls of different sizes, paint them to look like the planets and sun in our solar system ans suspend them from something like a couple coathangers in their correct order and hang it from thee ceiling.

What is peculiarly effective about the expression 'crooked hands close to the sun ringed with the azure world wrinkled crawls and like a thunderbolt?

The use of vivid imagery and sensory detail in this expression helps create a powerful visual and emotive impact on the reader. The juxtaposition of "crooked hands" and "ringed with the azure world" evokes a sense of contrast and complexity, while the comparison to a thunderbolt adds a dynamic and intense quality to the description.

Why are some planets are made of gas and others made of land?

The early solar system comprised of a disk of gas which was hot near the newly formed sun (about 2000 degrees Kelvin) and cooler at further distances from the sun.

Rocky substances condensed at the higher (inner) temperatures, while icy substances condense at much lower temperatures further out (about 200 degrees Kelvin) and hydrogen and helium at lower temperatures still.

So in the early stages of the solar system formation, the inner solar system was rocky, while the planets forming in the outer regions of the solar system were made from ice and gas. Things have pretty much remained this way since.

In what occupation would you rotate the Gog at the end of your nose?

The occupation would be a circus performer specializing in humorous or comedic acts. The act may involve using unusual props like a Gog, a rotating device that adds a comedic element to the performance.

What planets have orbits that are more eccentric than the earth's?

Eccentricities:

Mercury 0.206

Venus 0.007

Earth 0.017

Mars 0.093

Jupiter 0.048

Saturn 0.056

Uranus 0.047

Neptune 0.009

Pluto 0.250

Only Venus and Neptune have less eccentric orbits than the Earth.

The planet's orbits is nearly a circle, with the Sun off-centre by a distance equal to the radius times the eccentricity.

The minor axis is equal to the major axis times sqrt(1 - eccentricity-squared).

What is harder to do on the moon than on earth?

Walking on the moon is harder than on Earth due to the lower gravity causing astronauts to move differently than they are accustomed to. Objects also weigh less on the moon, making tasks that require force or strength more challenging. Additionally, the lack of atmosphere and protective magnetic field on the moon exposes astronauts to higher levels of radiation, which can pose health risks.

A star moving toward the sun will show?

Just chance. Some stars are very close to each other. Some are in binary systems that are two stars rotating around each other. Some are so close that one rips the material of ft he other. The center of our galaxy is full of stars that are relatively close. We just happen to be on the outer edge of our galaxy where there aren't many stars.

What is the largest object in space that is not a planet or a star?

The largest object in space that is not a planet or a star is a galaxy. Galaxies are massive systems of stars, gas, dust, and dark matter held together by gravity. They can contain billions to trillions of stars and are among the largest known structures in the universe.

Which planet is named after a king who went mad?

The planet Uranus is named after the Greek god of the sky, but its name may also be connected to the Latin word "urin," meaning "madness." This connection could refer to the mad king George III of England, as the planet was discovered during his reign.