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Polar Exploration
Polar exploration refers to the physical exploration of the Arctic and Antarctica. Exploring these areas meant hiking over ice flows and glaciers. Explorers largely ventured into polar exploration during the 18th century.
955 Questions
What modes of transportation did Scott and his team use t reach the pole?
Scott and his team used a combination of ships and sledges pulled by ponies and dogs to reach the South Pole during the Terra Nova Expedition in 1911-1912. They primarily relied on using ponies and dogs for overland travel across the icy terrain of Antarctica.
What are the names of Robert Falcon Scott's siblings?
I contacted the Scott Polar Research Institute, Thomas H Manning Polar Archives as there was some doubt over the number of sisters Scott had. Some sites on the web state 2, some 3, others 4. The answer they gave me is 4 sisters, one brother. They are Ettie / Rose / Grace / Archie and Katherine.
What did Roald Amundsen and Robert Falcon Scott have in common?
Roald Amundsen and Robert Falcon Scott were both explorers who led Antarctic expeditions in the early 20th century. They both aimed to reach the South Pole, with Amundsen being the first to succeed in 1911, while Scott's expedition ended in tragedy in 1912.
What did Rober Edwin peary discover in 1909?
Robert Edwin Peary discovered the North Pole on April 6, 1909, after multiple attempts. He led an expedition to the Arctic region and is widely recognized as the first person to have reached the northernmost point on Earth.
What is a growler from the book Ernest Shackleton?
A Growler is a very small iceberg which is less than 1 metre (3.3 ft) high and less then 5 metres (16 ft) long.
When trapped air escapes as the iceberg melts, it sometimes makes a sound like the growl of an animal, and that's how growlers got their name.
Did robert scott and his men die on the return journey from the south pole?
Yes, Robert Scott and his men did die on the return journey from the South Pole during the Terra Nova Expedition. They perished from a combination of extreme cold, exhaustion, and starvation.
What is Robert Falcon Scott's Star Sign?
Robert Falcon Scott's star sign is Gemini as he was born on 6th june.
What dangers did Robert falcon Scott face?
Captain Robert F. Scott and his team faced a number of dangers on his Terra Nova Expedition (1910-1912). The cold was the first major danger, as temperatures in Antarctica can drop as low as -89°C in Winter. Simple tasks like going to the toilet carried a risk of hypothermia, and specialist sledging gear had to be developed to protect the men from the constant cold.
Food was another constant danger, as the vast majority of their food had to be brought with them. This meant that rations, especially for sledging, had to be carefully calculated. The more food they carried the longer and further they could travel, but extra food also increased the weight of the sledges, slowing them down. The solution to this problem was to 'depot' supplies of food and oil (for cooking and heating the tents), by burying them in huge cairns of ice and snow, and marking them with a flag to be collected later. These depots could be difficult to rediscover, however, as navigation was difficult so close to the South Pole, and missing a depot would mean almost certain death.
Another danger posed by food was that the calories the men's sledging rations provided represented roughly half of what was necessary to man-haul a heavy sledge across the Great Ice Barrier every day. This meant that men lost huge amounts of weight fast. This was particularly dangerous for the biggest, strongest men, whose ration was the same as the smallest, but their energy needs were much higher. This is one of the reasons why Edgar Evans and Lawrence Oates deteriorated faster than Captain Scott's other companions on the polar journey.
Illness and disease was another big danger. Scurvy was the most dreaded of these, as it worked rapidly and made sledging, and eventually walking, impossible. Scott's second-in-command, Teddy Evans, contracted scurvy on his return from laying depots to support Scott's journey to the South Pole. Eventually, his two companions, Bill Lashly and Tom Crean (neither of who knew how to navigate their way home), had to lash him to their sledge and drag him back to the hut. Scott's own team may also have been suffering from scurvy, though this is contested by historians.
Crevasses posed a constant danger to the men while sledging. When they were man-hauling, they would often fall through the thin layer of snow covering a crevasse, only to be stopped by their man-hauling harness. They would then need to be helped out by their companions. One man, Patrick Keohane, fell through crevasses to the full length of his harness eight times in twenty-five minutes! Edgar Evans, Scott's reliable companion chosen for the polar party, was concussed when he fell into a crevasse, possibly contributing to his death on the return journey.
Other, more unusual dangers also faced Scott and his men. The expedition photographer, Herbert Ponting, nearly died early in the expedition when the piece of ice he was standing on to take photographs was split in two by a pack of killer whales, and he was forced to abandon some of his equipment in the rush to get back to solid ice. One of the sailors on the expedition, Tom Crean, developed a reputation for getting 'dunked'. This meant falling through the ice into the icy sea beneath. This may have caused much amusment for the men, but it also carried a grave risk of hypothermia or drowning. Scott's diaries record that he was also worried that one of the expedition's ponies, a foul-tempered brute named Christopher, would maim his horse-handler, Lawrence Oates.
Many of these dangers were the same as those he faced on the Discovery Expedition (1901-1904), but others were different. The Discovery was the first British Antarctic expedition, and its members had almost no experience of the conditions they would face. Few members knew how to ski, and only two had any experience of dog-sledging. They also didn't know how to deal with the conditions. For example, when a sledging party was first hit by a blizzard in March 1902, rather than pitching their tents and waiting for it to pass they panicked and attempted to return to the ship. The men were split up by the terrible conditions, and one man, Able Seaman George Vince, was killed when he slipped and fell off the edge of a cliff. Many of the men aboard the Terra Nova were Discovery veterans, and their experience meant that they knew how to deal with many of the dangers faced. For example, Scott's second hut was more insulated and better designed than his first attempt, which got so cold that it could not be used as a permanent base.
Who was the famous British explorer who conquered Antarctica?
Antarctica has not been 'conquered' -- many explorers from many countries have mounted expeditions to Antarctica. The British explorers of note include Captain Robert Falcon Scott, Sir Earnest Shackleton, Ranulph Fiennes, and James Weddell.
What did Robert Scott and Amundsen eat on their expedition to the South Pole?
Robert Scott and his team ate pemmican, biscuits, chocolate, and tea during their ill-fated expedition. Amundsen and his team, on the other hand, primarily ate a high-fat diet consisting of pemmican, biscuits, chocolate, and dog meat, which helped them sustain their energy and endure the harsh conditions.
Did Richard Byrd bring back anything from Antarctica?
Yes, Richard Byrd brought back scientific data, photographs, and specimens from his expeditions to Antarctica. He collected valuable information about the continent's geography, climate, and wildlife, which contributed to a better understanding of this remote region.
Why did shackleton name his ship Endurance?
Shackleton named his ship Endurance to represent his personal motto "By endurance we conquer." He believed that perseverance and resilience were essential traits needed to overcome the challenges of his expedition to the Antarctic.
What were the effects of Roald Amundsen's discovery to the South Pole?
Roald Amundsen's discovery of the South Pole in 1911 had a significant impact on polar exploration by showcasing the capabilities of careful planning, adapting to extreme conditions, and utilizing teamwork. It also solidified Norway's reputation as a pioneering nation in exploration, inspiring future generations of adventurers. Additionally, the successful expedition enhanced international understanding of Antarctica's geography and spurred further scientific research in the region.
What equipment was used on ernest expedition?
Some of the equipment used on Ernest Shackleton's expeditions included sled dogs, sledges, tents, clothing made of reindeer fur, snow goggles, ice axes, and specialized cookware for melting ice into water. Additionally, they also used navigation tools like compasses and sextants to chart their course.
What year did Roald Amundsen and Robert Falcon Scott go to the South Pole?
Both respective explorer teams left their native countries in 1910.
How long did it take Scott of the antarctic to reach the south pole?
Robert Falcon Scott led the Terra Nova Expedition to the South Pole and reached the pole on January 17, 1912. However, he discovered that a Norwegian team led by Roald Amundsen had beaten him to the pole by a month. Scott and his team tragically perished on their return journey.
Did peary achieve immortality literally or figuratively?
Figuratively. While explorer Robert Peary is remembered for reaching the North Pole, he did not achieve literal immortality as he died in 1920. His legacy lives on through his expeditions and accomplishments in polar exploration.
When did Ernest Shackleton become a sir?
Ernest Shackleton was knighted and became Sir Ernest Shackleton in 1909.
Who reached Antarctica first Roald Amudsen or Robert Falcon Scott?
Roald Amundsen reached Antarctica first on December 14, 1911, becoming the first person to reach the South Pole. Robert Falcon Scott arrived about a month later on January 17, 1912, only to discover that Amundsen had beaten him to the pole.
What animals live at the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Research Station in Antarctica?
Only human animals.
Humans can live and work at 'pole' for up to 12 months before being required to leave Antarctica.
There are no animal experiments conducted at 'pole', unlike other research stations closer to the sea, where some animals, especially fish, are captured, studied and then released back into their native habitat.
How many years was Shackleton on his expedition?
Ernest Shackleton's Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition lasted from 1914 to 1917, lasting approximately three years.
Why has the antarctic region not been explored?
the climate of this region is very dangerous with hurricanes and blizzards blowing people who travel here can not bear the cold and often get the frost bite can be so sever los there limbs becaus of their extrme weather
Who died on Scott's 1912 expedition?
Robert Falcon Scott and four members of his team (Edward Wilson, Henry Bowers, Lawrence Oates, and Edgar Evans) died during the British Antarctic Expedition of 1912. They perished on their return journey from the South Pole due to a combination of harsh weather conditions, exhaustion, and lack of supplies.
