Ptolemy

Claudius Ptolemy lived in the second century, A.D., at which time Rome was arguably the strongest empire in the world. In South Asia, many Hindu and Buddhist texts were committed to writing in the second century A.D.

Yes, Cleopatra's family, the Ptolemaic dynasty, was connected to many royal families through strategic marriages and political alliances. Cleopatra herself engaged in key relationships with Julius Caesar and Mark Antony as a means of solidifying her rule in Egypt and maintaining her position of power.

Copernicus proposed a heliocentric model, where planets revolve around the sun, while Ptolemy's geocentric model placed Earth at the center of the universe with planets orbiting around it. Copernicus' model helped to explain retrograde motion more simply than Ptolemy's epicycles.

The observed retrograde motion of planets led Ptolemy to add epicycles to Aristotle's system. Epicycles were small circles that planets moved in on their larger circular orbits around Earth in order to explain the appearances of retrograde motion.

Ptolemy's major contribution to trigonometry was his work on chords in a circle, which led to the development of the trigonometric functions sine, cosine, and tangent. He compiled a table of chords that facilitated trigonometric calculations and navigational measurements. Ptolemy's work influenced the development of trigonometry in the medieval Islamic world and later in Europe.

The main contribution for which Ptolemy is famous is his discovery that the earth revolved around the sun. This was known as the heliocentric theory (and it competed with Catholic Church teaching of the time, which held that the earth was the center of the solar system or geocentric).

Ptolemy was an ancient Greek astronomer and mathematician who made significant contributions to the fields of astronomy and geography. He is best known for his geocentric model of the universe, which dominated Western astronomy for over 1,300 years. Ptolemy's work also influenced later scientists and explorers, shaping our understanding of the world and the cosmos.

the market place was where people usually traded goods as they didn't have money. Things that might be traded include

doctor, harpist, vizier etc. services

food like grains, crops, fish

gold/jewelry

clothes

and lots more

Cleopatra was the last pharaoh of Egypt because she was defeated by the Roman Empire in 30 BC, which led to the annexation of Egypt as a Roman province. This marked the end of the Ptolemaic dynasty and the traditional pharaonic rule in Egypt.

The earth-centered model created by Ptolemy is called the Ptolemaic model or geocentric model. It proposed that the Earth was the center of the universe, with all celestial bodies moving around it in circular orbits.

Ptolemy's biggest discovery was his geocentric model of the universe, which believed that the Earth was at the center of the universe with planets and stars moving around it in circular orbits. This model dominated Western astronomy for over a thousand years.

The main difference was that Ptolemy's model was geocentric (Earth-centred) and Copernicus's was heliocentric (Sun-centred). Ptolemy's model came from ancient times while Copernicus's was much later (1543).

Both models represented the planets' orbits by using combinations of circles and epicycles to explain the way the planets move among the stars.

Copernicus found that the orbits of the inner planets could be explained more simply. That is to say that the epicycles used for all the orbits were smaller, and for the inner planets a lot smaller.

Both models represented the planets' positions with reasonable accuracy given the crude observational methods used in those days.

Until gravity and the laws of dynamics were discovered about 150 years after the publication of Copernicus's system, there was no way of deciding which model was the 'right' one.

Aristotle's emphasis on observation and logic laid the foundation for the scientific method, which is still used today. Ptolemy's geocentric model of the universe influenced early astronomy and sparked debates that eventually led to the development of heliocentrism by Copernicus and Galileo.

Ptolemy grew up in Alexandria, which was a prominent city in ancient Egypt known for its cultural and intellectual significance. He was part of the Ptolemaic dynasty, which ruled Egypt following the death of Alexander the Great.

Ptolemy's theory accounted mathematically for the movement of the planets, Sun and Moonand the stars.
However, Ptolemy thought the Earth is the center of the universe, which is wrong. Galileo helped prove that the Sun is the center of our solar system by the use of his homemade telescope. Ptolemy thought that the Sun, planets, and stars rested on crystal spheres that revolved around Earth. Ptolemy had toput in things called "epicycles" and other ideas, to make his system work.

The heliocentric model proposed by Nicolaus Copernicus contradicted Ptolemy's geocentric model. Copernicus suggested that the Sun, rather than the Earth, was at the center of the solar system.

Claudius Ptolemy was a famous writer from Alexandria, said to have died in 168 AD. He was also known to be well-versed in the fields of math, geography, astrology, astronomy and poetry. One of his most famous quotes comes from his work 'The Almagest, which is as follows: ÒI know that I am mortal by nature, and ephemeral; but when I trace at my pleasure the windings to and fro of the heavenly bodies I no longer touch the earth with my feet: I stand in the presence of Zeus himself and take my fill of ambrosia.Ó

Cleopatra, like all of the Ptolomies, was Greek.

Cleopatra's brother, Ptolemy XIII, drowned in the Nile River during a battle against Caesar's forces in 47 BC. The exact circumstances surrounding his death are unclear, but it is believed that he either drowned or was killed during the conflict.

Archaeologists found artifacts such as coins with Cleopatra's image, statues, and inscriptions with her name to prove Cleopatra VII was alive. They also uncovered items related to her palace and possessions, offering indirect evidence of her existence. Additionally, her burial site and artifacts related to her relationship with Julius Caesar and Mark Antony have also been discovered.

Earths faster motion makes Mars appear to be going backwards, the backwards motion, in fact, is what caused retrograde motion. --Ptloemy used Epicycles to explain how geocentrical models worked.

Scientists such as Nicolaus Copernicus and Galileo Galilei developed ideas that contradicted Ptolemy's geocentric model of the universe. Copernicus proposed a heliocentric model with the sun at the center, while Galileo's observations through a telescope supported this idea, leading to the eventual acceptance of the heliocentric model.

Copernicus and Galileo were two major figures whose ideas contradicted Ptolemy's geocentric model. Copernicus proposed a heliocentric model with the Sun at the center of the solar system, while Galileo used observations through a telescope to support this view and challenge Ptolemaic beliefs.

Ptolemy's book "Geography" provided Columbus with outdated and inaccurate maps that underestimated the size of the Earth, leading Columbus to believe he could reach Asia by sailing westward. This misconception ultimately played a significant role in Columbus's decision to explore the New World in 1492.