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Punic Wars
The Punic Wars were a series of military engagements between the ascendant Roman Republic and the former Phoenician colony of Carthage, in what is now Tunisia. The Wars were notable for the Carthaginian General Hannibal's Crossing over the Alps with elephants in the Second Punic War and for Rome's complete razing of Carthage in the Third Punic War.
591 Questions
Where were the Punic Wars located?
The punic wars took place in the Central Mediterranean areas around modern day turkey
Who led the Roman army in the Punic Wars?
There were three wars spanning 120 years, with obviously many leaders, successful and unsuccessful. One of the most prominent was Scipio Africanus.
Why did Rome fight Punic Wars?
Rome fought in the Punic Wars, which began late in the 3rd century B.C.E. and ended in the middle of the 2nd, as a result of several factors. The first was economic, as control of the central Mediterranean was of critical importance for successful Roman trade. The second was more strictly military and political: as an aggressive, expansion-minded civilization, Rome sought to become dominant among its neighbors, especially Carthage, its primary opponent in the Punic Wars.
What war was the Battle of Zama?
The Roman general who won the battle of Zama was Publius Cornelius Scipio. For this victory he was awarded the honorific name Africanus by the senate. History refers to him as Scipio Africanus.
The Roman general who won the battle of Zama was Publius Cornelius Scipio. For this victory he was awarded the honorific name Africanus by the senate. History refers to him as Scipio Africanus.
The Roman general who won the battle of Zama was Publius Cornelius Scipio. For this victory he was awarded the honorific name Africanus by the senate. History refers to him as Scipio Africanus.
The Roman general who won the battle of Zama was Publius Cornelius Scipio. For this victory he was awarded the honorific name Africanus by the senate. History refers to him as Scipio Africanus.
The Roman general who won the battle of Zama was Publius Cornelius Scipio. For this victory he was awarded the honorific name Africanus by the senate. History refers to him as Scipio Africanus.
The Roman general who won the battle of Zama was Publius Cornelius Scipio. For this victory he was awarded the honorific name Africanus by the senate. History refers to him as Scipio Africanus.
The Roman general who won the battle of Zama was Publius Cornelius Scipio. For this victory he was awarded the honorific name Africanus by the senate. History refers to him as Scipio Africanus.
The Roman general who won the battle of Zama was Publius Cornelius Scipio. For this victory he was awarded the honorific name Africanus by the senate. History refers to him as Scipio Africanus.
The Roman general who won the battle of Zama was Publius Cornelius Scipio. For this victory he was awarded the honorific name Africanus by the senate. History refers to him as Scipio Africanus.
Who was the general in the first punic war?
The Roman army was led by two annually elected consuls who were the heads of the city and the army. Therefore, the Romans had many general in this war.
The Carthaginian generals in Sicily were Hanno, Hamilcar, and Hamilcar Barca.
During the Roman attack in Africa (Tunisia) the Carthaginian commanders were Bustar Hasdrubal in the battle of Adys, and Xanthippus, a Spartan mercenary, in the battle of Tunis.
Where did the Battle of Zama take place?
The Carthaginians defending their city against Roman attack.
Who was the leader of the Carthiginian Army during the Punic Wars?
The Carthaginians did not have an overall leader in the first Punic War, except for towards the end.
The Carthaginian army was led by Gisco, his son Hannibal Gisco, Hanno Gisco (son of Hannibal Gisco), two commanders both called Hamilcar, Hanno the Great, Hasbrubal the Fair and Buspar Xanthippus (a Greek). Hamilcar Barca became the overall leader in the final year of the war.
What year was Hannibal defeated by Rome?
Scipio Africanus defeated Hannibal at the Battle of Zama near Carthage in 202 BC.
Who won all three of the punic wars?
Yeah they amazingly (not that amazing really) won all three Punic wars and they got one part of land each time they won which is a HUGE bonus for Rome because they started of rather small then they got as big as it is right now. Another reason why it was such a big bonus for them is because the partials of land they got each time were fairly large, so that's how they got the power over everything for quite a long time.
Hope this helps! :)
How did Rome win the Second Punic War against Carthage?
Rome won the second Punic War partly because she had firm allies, especially in Italy, who would not join Hannibal, and partly because Scipio was a better general and strategist than Hannibal.
What sparked the third punic war?
After the 50 years of peace between Carthaginians and Romans came to an end, the Romans knew that attacking Carthage would be an easy war with lots of financial benefits so they raised an army and attacked Carthage.
Why were the wars between Rome and Carthage called Punic wars?
Punic was the Latin term for Phoenicia from which the Carthaginians were descended : "from the Phoenicians" .
What are the events from the start of the First Punic War and the start of the Second Punic War?
First Punic War: Carthage was pushing its control in Sicily and ran up against some rebellious mercenary soldiers. Rome chose to support them as a means of having an excuse to move into Sicily to expand its territory beyond Italy.
Second Punic War: Carthage attacked Sargentum in Spain, in breach of the Ebro River line agreed with Rome as dividing their areas of interest in Spain.
Which major event occurred in the Third Punic War?
Rome captured Carthage and sold its people into slavery.
What was the effect of the second Punic War?
At the conclusion of the Third Punic War , 149 to 146 BC , Carthage is defeated , its citizens sold into slavery, Carthage is eliminated as a future threat to Rome and Rome achieves hegemony over the entire Mediterranean area and expands its Empire .
What territory did Rome add during all three punic wars?
If you mean which territories the Romans gained in the Punic Wars:
In the first war they gained Sicily and seized Sardinia and Corsica soon afterwards.
In the the Second Punic war they gained southern Spain and made an alliance with the Numidians of Algeria, who switched allegiance.
In the Third Punic War they gained Tunisia and western Libya.
Who was the the Roman leader in the third punic war?
There were many leaders of Rome in the first punic war. Most of them were admirals because most of the battles fought were naval. Some were successfull, some ineffectual. The most famous of the successfull ones were Gaius Dullius, in whose honour a column erected, and Gaius Lucitatius Catulus who defeated the Carthagean forces in the decisive battle. The failures were Publius Claudius Pulcher and Scipio Asina who lost their entire fleets in a single combat. The most famous of the land commanders was Marcus Attilius Regulus who, alledgely, surrendered to Carthage to spare his country of war. This is probably mere propaganda.
How much land did Rome conquer after the Punic wars?
The Roman Empire covered western Europe up to the river Rhine and central Germany, Britain, the Balkan Peninsula (south-eastern Europe) North Africa and part of the Middle east. At its greatest extent the empire also covered the whole of modern day Iraq (Mesopotamia). The emperor Trajan pushed from the Roman territory in the north of this area to the rest of it and reached the Persian Gulf by defeating the Persians in 116. His successor Hadrian gave it back to Persia because he considered this area untenable. Over the next centuries the Romans and Persians repeatedly fought over this area and Armenia, which back then covered the east of modern day Turkey.
The Roman Empire covered the following modern day countries or parts of modern countries:
Western Europe: Italy, Malta, Spain, Portugal, France, Belgium, Luxembourg, Holland south of the river Rhine, southern Germany and part of central Germany, Switzerland, Lichtenstein, Austria and England and Wales.
Eastern Europe: western Hungary, part of western Slovakia, Slovenia, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, Albania, Greece, Bulgaria, Romania, Moldova and a slither of western Ukraine.
Asia: Turkey, Cyprus, Armenia, northern Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Israel and Palestine, Jordan, and the northern part of the coast of the Red Sea in Saudi Arabia..
Africa: Egypt, the coastal part of Libya, Tunisia, the coastal part of Algeria, and northern Morocco.
What happened in the third Punic War?
Carthage was besieged, starved out and surrendered. Rome sold the population into slavery as a final solution against a resilient Carthage. The city was then converted into a settlement for retired Roman veterans.
How did the punic war effect the rome?
Rome eventually won the Punic wars, so the Romans expanded throughout the Mediterranean lands and much of Europe. The Punic Wars are generally seen as a very important turning point that led to the social instability that brought down the Roman Republic and led to the rise of the Empire.
First of all, Hannibal had spent fifteen years in Italy, not only fighting the Romans but also ravaging their lands. By the time he was defeated, the Italian countryside was devastated. The small farmers who made up the bulk of the Italian population had seen their lands destroyed, made worthless. In response, many rich aristocrats bought up huge tracts of these lands for very little money.
At the same time, Rome's victory in the Punic Wars (and in the simultaneous Macedonian Wars) led to a massive influx of slaves, again bought up by rich aristocrats. These slaves were sent to work the newly bought lands. The massive plantations that resulted were known as Latinfundia. The Latinfundia system, whereby most of the land was in the hands of the upper class, and worked by slaves, put the small farmers, who had been a substantial class, completely out of work. As a result, they flocked to the cities looking for jobs, but few found them.
These farmers tended to go on the dole, or even join into rowdy mobs. Some in the government, most famously the Grachus brothers, sought to redistribute the land to the farmers, but land reform acts were regularly defeated. This led to the split in Roman politics between the Optimates (who defended the interests of the land holders) and the Populares (who favored land reform).
The general Gaius Marius, in 107 BC, when Rome needed more troops to fight a barbarian invasion, came up with an idea to fix both the land and soldier problem. He allowed men with no property into the army, something that was previously restricted (it was thought that only landholders would fight bravely because they would want to protect their land). In return for military service, he promised them a land pension.
To a large degree the plan worked, except that the soldiers became more loyal to Marius, the man who was going to give them the land, than they were to the State, which had failed them. This became a constant theme in late Republican politics, the result being that time and time again, generals would march on Rome and force the senate to make them dictator (Marius did so, as did Sulla and Julius Caesar). The Roman armies became almost like personal armies, and Civil Wars were constant in the late Republic.
Caesar would attempt to solve some these problems, but it was Augustus who provided a solution by essentially dismantling the Roman Republic and replacing it was an absolutist monarchy. The Optimates faction of the Senate (Pompey, Cato, Cicero) was pretty much wiped out in the civil wars, and some land reform was accomplished. The power of individual generals was subordinated to that of the Emperor, and the soldiers had to take loyalty oaths to the Emperor. But the army remained a place where a poor Roman could join, serve twenty or so years, and come out as a land owner, allowing social mobility, and giving Rome a highly motivated, mostly volunteer army.
Also, the increased slaves from Rome's conquests (the Punic Wars led directly to Rome's wars in Greece against Carthage's allies there) brought an increased interest in foreign cultures, especially that of Greece. New found interests in poetry and philosophy spread through Roman society, and some more conservative Romans saw this as a degradation of the traditional Roman values. The conservatives, however, failed to stop the spread of Greek culture, which would greatly influence Rome's. Anyone of social standing would speak Greek and Latin, and anything Greek was considered beautiful.
How many years passed between the start of the first punic war and Caesar's appointment as dictator?
23 years. The First Punic War (264 to 241 BC)
How did the second Punic war begin?
Hannibal started the second punic war by invading the town of Saguntuni north of the river Iber to purposefully provoke the Romans
