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Roman Numerals
Questions and answers related to the symbols used by the ancient Romans to represent numbers. These include the numerals: I, V, X, L, C, D and M.
14,167 Questions
Improved Answer:-
Due to changes made to the original rules once governing the Roman numeral system introduced during the Middle Ages nowadays we would convert 1999 and 1769 into Roman numerals as MCMXCIX and MDCCLXIX but there exist credible historical evidence to suggest that the ancient Romans would have worked out the equivalent of 1999 and 1769 on an abacus calculating device as MDCCCCLXXXXVIIII and MDCCLXVIIII which then can be abridged to IMM and IMDCCLXX in written format thus facilitating the speed and ease of the three required calculations as follows:-
IMM+IMDCCLXX = MMMDCCLXVIII => (2000-1)+(1770-1) = 3768
MDCCCCLXXXXVIIII+MDCCLXVIIII = MMMDCCLXVIII => 1999+1769 = 3768
MDCCCCLXXXXVIIII-MDCCLXVIIII = CCXXX => 1999-1769 = 230
QED
1 mile and 40 inches is nuch bigger.
1 mile and 40 inches is nuch bigger.
1 mile and 40 inches is nuch bigger.
1 mile and 40 inches is nuch bigger.
What is the roman numerable for 6?
The roman numeral for 5 is V and 1 is I, since 6 is one more after 5 the roman numeral for 6 is VI.
Doing arithmetic with Roman numerals is exasperating, and imho a pointless waste of time, except to demonstrate the obvious superiority of our "normal numbers," which use base-10 radix / positional notation that includes a zero digit as a placeholder. I'd venture to say science & technology -- commerce, too -- could never have developed in recent centuries if we still used Roman numerals for calculations.
However, this web site explains some methods:
http://turner.faculty.swau.edu/mathematics/materialslibrary/roman/
Why don't use numbers in variable?
The number that we used now 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6…. This invented by Indian people and it represent by number of angle EX: 1 in one angle , Z =two angle and so on ..
It's very accurate and disengage even when the Greek scantest (Archimedes &…..) invent the Zero they find out the "O" is the only symbol can be insert with this set of number ( it come out from SET ELGABRA and it define as a set of intersection of two separate sets and call null set)
Roman used the "dash" symbol on their number which has a mitigation points when they start to use decimal point and zero
In fact we are own a great appreciation to the Greek scientists not to Arabic please read the history
The way we write out Roman numerals today differs in many respects to how the ancient Romans actually did themselves inasmuch that today we would convert 1488 and 1999 into Roman numerals as MCDLXXXVIII and MCMXCIX respectively thus inhibiting any mathematical interaction between them.
But there is evidence to suggest that the Romans would have probably subtracted the equivalent of the given numbers in either of the following formats:-
IMM-IIXMD = DXI => (2000-1)-(1500-12) = 511
Alternatively by cancelling out the numerals:-
MDCCCCLXXXXVIIII-MCCCCLXXXVIII = DXI => 1999-1488 = 511
Note: 5*I=V, 2*V=X, 5*X=L, 2*L=C, 5*C=D and 2*D=M
Values: M=1000, D=500, C=100, L=50, X=10, V=5 and I=1
QED by David Gambell
What are the two correct ways of enscribing 1999 into Roman numerals?
Under today's modern rules governing the Roman numeral system 1999 is considered to be MCMXCIX which makes it almost impossible for any form of numerical interaction with other numerals.
But it can be proven that the Romans themselves in the past would have actually calculated the equivalent of 1999 as MDCCCCLXXXXVIIII which can be methodically contracted to IMM (2000-1) yet retaining its original numerical value and therefore facilitating the speed and ease of mathematical operations with other numerals.
Note that if: -I+MM = MDCCCCLXXXXVIIII
Then it follows that: MM = MDCCCCLXXXXVIIII+I
QED
What the M represents in MAOB?
MOABMassive Ordnance Air Blast (US DoD munition)MOABMonth of Apple Bugs (Mac security problems)MoAbMonoclonal AntibodyMOABMother of All Bombs (slang for the MOAB weapon)MOABMarketing Order Administration BranchMOABMother of All Bailouts (humor)MOABManagement of Aggressive Behavior (NANA)MOABMother of All BattlesMOABMother Of All BuffetsMOABMother of All Blowers (Automotive Supercharger)MOABMicrosoft Application BridgeMOABMotorised Air-Break (type of switch used in electricity distribution systems)
In today's modern configuration of Roman numerals 1999 is now considered to be MCMXCIX but the ancient Romans would have probably worked out the above as in the following formats:-
A: MMMI+IMM = (V) => 3001+[2000-1] = 5000.
B: MMMI+MDCCCCLXXXXVIIII = (V) => 3001+1999 = 5000.
C: MMMI-IMM = MII => 3001-[2000-1] = 1002.
D: MMMI-MDCCCCLXXXXVIIII = MII => 3001-1999 = 1002.
The rules as we know them today now governing the Roman numerals system had nothing to do with the Romans because they were introduced during the Middle Ages and as result of these rules the equivalent of 999 converted into Roman numerals is now considered to be CMXCIX which hardly lends itself quite easily for the purpose of mathematical operations but there exist credible evidence to show that the ancient Romans would have worked out the requested calculations as in the following formats:-
MDCCLXXVI+IM = MMDCCLXXV => 1776+(1000-1) = 2775
MDCCLXXVI+DCCCCLXXXXVIIII = MMDCCLXXV => 1776+999 = 2775
MDCCLXXVI-IM = DCCLXXVII => 1776-(1000-1) = 777
MDCCLXXVI-DCCCCLXXXXVIIII = DCCLXXVII => 1776-999 = 777
Note that in mathematics -(1000-1) becomes 1-1000 and that the above calculations were fairly simple and straightforward to work out but for more advanced calculations the Romans would have used an abacus calculating device.
QED
What are a score or more facts and figures regarding the system of Roman numerals?
1 It was originally created by the Etruscans who used symbols for numbers
2 It was adapted by the Romans who then used letters for numbers
3 Its numerals are: M=1000 D=500 C=100 L=50 X=10 V=5 and I=1
4 It's the numerical element of the Latin language once spoken by the Romans
5 It used an abacus counting device for complicated calculations
6 It used brackets to increase the value of numerals as for example: (V)=5000
7 It doesn't need a zero figure because place value of numerals are self evident
8 It uses fractions to a limited extent as for example: S=1/2
9 It never used IV for 4 for fear of offending the Roman god Jupiter
10 It was the most advanced numeracy system in the known ancient world
11 It avoided lengthy long numerals by abridging them whenever possible
12 Its abridgment for XXXX is XL meaning -10+50=40
13 It once used j at the end of numerals to prevent fraud
14 Its greatest advantage once was its simplicity for working out arithmetic
15 Its rules as we know them today had nothing to do with the Romans
16 Its rules as we know them today were introduced during the Middle Ages
17 Its rules were probably changed to make it compatible with Hindu-Arabic numerals
18 It was gradually replaced by Hindu-Arabic numerals in the Middle Ages
19 It's now XIX for 19 but the Latin language says it should be XVIIII or IXX
20 It's now MCMXCIX for 1999 but at one time it was notated quite differently
21 Its rule was (now changed) that positive and negative numerals went in opposite descending directions as for example: CCXXVIIIIS=SXXCCL=>229.5=-20.5+250
QED
What is the connection with Hindu-Arabic numerals and that whiich involves angles?
It is written that at one time in the distant past Hindu-Arabic numerals or digits were once encoded with secret geometrical symbols inasmuch that the first digit of 1 had either an arc or an angle hidden in it of 36 degrees and then thereafter each consecutive digit was increased by increments of 36 degrees by means of arcs and angles or a combination of both in which the 0 digit finally consisted of 360 degrees.
As a consequence of these concealed codes the digit degree sum of any number from 1 to infinity would always finally add up 9 degrees as the following example shows:-
Digit degree sum of 2357 = 36*(2+3+5+7) = 612 => 6+1+2 = 9 degrees
Over the past thousands of years Hindu-Arabic numerals have been transformed into the configuration that we use today but the zero figure at one time probably resembled a circle which even today consist of ten arcs of 36 degrees amounting to 360 degrees.
Today 97 is now considered to be XCVII in Roman numerals but the ancient Romans would have expressed it quite differently.
Latin numeracy is the same as Roman numerals and under the modern rules now governing the Roman numeral system the equivalent of 549 when converted into Roman numerals is now considered to be DXLIX but there exist historical evidence to suggest that the ancient Romans would have worked it out on an abacus counting device as DXXXXVIIII which can be abridged to IDL thus expediating the speed and ease of the required calculations as follows:-
MDCCLXXVI+IDL = MMCCCXXV => 1776+(550-1) = 2325
MDCCLXXVI+DXXXXVIIII = MMCCCXXV => 1776-449 = 2325
MDCCLXXVI-IDL = MCCXXVII => 1776-(550-1) = 1227
MDCCLXXVI-DXXXXVIIII = MCCXXVII => 1776-549 = 1227
QED
Since you ask how I would do it: I would forget about doing this in Roman; rather, I would convert everything to arabic numbers, which are much more appropriate for such calculations.
How do you write 2010 Roman numerals?
MMX is the number 2010 in roman numerals. Here M is 1000 and X is 10.
