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Roman Numerals
Questions and answers related to the symbols used by the ancient Romans to represent numbers. These include the numerals: I, V, X, L, C, D and M.
14,167 Questions
The way in which we write out Roman numerals today differs in many respects as to the way that the Romans actually did themselves to the extent that today we would convert 19, 49, 99 and 1999 into Roman numerals as XIX, XLIX, XCIX and MCMXCIX respectively thus making addition of them almost impossible.
But notwithstanding the aforementioned inasmuch that there is evidence to suggest that the Romans in the past would have calculated the above numbers as in either of the following formats:-
IXX+IL = LXVIII (20-1)+(50-1) = (68)
LXVIII+IC = CLXVII (68)+(100-1) = (167)
CLXVII+IMM = MMCLXVI (167)+(2000-1) = (2166)
Alternatively:-
XVIII+XXXXVIIII = LXVIII (19)+(49) = (68)
LXVIII+LXXXXVIIII = CLXVII (68)+(99) = (167)
CLXVII+MDCCCCLXXXXVIIII = MMCLXVI (167)+(1999) = (2166)
Note that: 5*I=V, 2*V=X, 5*X=L, 2*L=C, 5*C=D and 2*D=M
Roman numerals: M=1000, D=500, C=100, L=50, X=10, V=5 and I=1
QED
What are at least a score or more advantages of the Roman numeral system?
1 It was once authentic and easier to use in ancient Roman times than today
2 A zero symbol is not needed
3 Fewer basic numerals are required
4 The place value of numerals are self evident
5 The numerals M, C, X and I are only needed 4 times in a number
6 The numerals D, L and V are only needed once in a number
7 It can be in additional format
8 It can be in subtractional format
9 Some numerals can be abridged yet retaining their original values
10 Addition is literally straightforward
11 Subtraction is literally straightforward
12 Multiplication and division follow a logical pattern
13 Its stood the test of time because it's still used today
14 It uses letters instead of numbers
15 Taught properly it's an excellent prerequisite to learning algebra
16 No decimals are used
17 Fractions are used to a limited extent
18 Fraud can be prevented in its written format
19 It connects historically the past with the present
20 It elevates VIP's rank of importance after their names
21 Calculations can be made on an abacus counting device
22 Secret messages can be sent using its symbols
23 Movie makers and TV broadcasters use it to disguise a year of production
24 It can be used either in lower case or upper case letters
25 Last but not least it's time for I to roam along and say goodbye
How do you write 1218.62 in numeric value?
Presumably you mean what is 12.18.62 in Roman numerals?
If so then it is: XII-XVIII-LXII
Officially in accordance with todays guidelines governing the Roman numeral system 1999 when converted into Roman numerals is MCMXCIX which makes addition with other numerals an almost impossible task.
But during the classical Roman period the equivalent of 1999 would have been calculated on an abacus counting device as MDCCCCLXXXXVIIII which then can be abridged to IMM (2000-1) in written form thus facilatating the speed and ease of addition as follows:-
MDCCLXXVI+IMM = MMMDCCLXXV (1776)+(2000-1) = (3775)
Alternatively:-
MDCCLXXVI+MDCCCCLXXXXVIIII = MMMDCCLXXV (1776)+(1999) = (3775)
Note that: 5*I=V, 2*V=X, 5*X=L, 2*L=C, 5*C=D and 2*D=M
Roman numerals: M=1000, D=500, C=100, L=50, X=10, V=5 and I=1
QED
Give the details of roman numbers from 1 to 100?
In todays modern notation of Roman numerals they are as follows:-
Units 1 to 9: I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII and IX
Tens 10 to 90: X, XX, XXX, XL, L, LX, LXX, LXXX and XC
Hundred: C
To select a number simply write it out in descending order as for example 99 = XCIX
The way we write out Roman numerals today differs in many respects to how the ancient Romans actuallydid themselves as for example 99 = IC which in Latin is undecentum meaning one from a hundred.
QED by David Gambell
What do you mean by commercial products?
well commercial products is really thing like doritos or phone commercials where the consumer presists that his/her product is best.
Due to changes made to the rules originally governing the Roman numeral system, introduced during the Middle Ages presumably to make it more compatible with the Hindu-Arabic numeral system that was gradually superceding the Roman numeral system in Western Europe at the time, nowadays because of those changes 1999 is now condsidered to be MCMXCIX but back in ancient Rome the equivalent of 1999 was probably IMM which is an abridged version of MDCCCCLXXXXVIIII thus facilitating the speed and ease of the above calculations as follows:-
IMM+MDCLXVI = MMMDCLXV => (2000-1)+1666 = 3665
MDCCCCLXXXXVIIII+MDCLXVI = MMMDCLXV => 1999+1666 = 3665
IMM-MDCLXVI = CCCXXXIII => (2000-1)-1666 = 333
MDCCCCLXXXXVIIII-MDCLXVI = CCCXXXIII => 1999-1666 = 333
Note that the above calculations are fairly simple and straightforward but for more complicated calculations the ancient Romans would have use an abacus counting device.
QED
Why do people use Arabic numbers rather than Egyptian and Roman numbers?
So-called Arabic numerals make it possible to perform mathematical operations, like division and subtraction, unlike the clumsy Roman numerals which were only useful for stating numbers, not for crunching them. For one thing, Arab numerals include the zero, which Roman numerals do not.
Where is Roman numerals used this days?
Roman numerals can still be found on such things as... clocks and watches, sundials, old mile stones, the dates in the credits of movies, dates in books, sequals of movies (Jurassic Park III etc), the names of chemical compounds (such as Iron (II) chloride), the regnal numbers of kings and queens (Edward VI etc), and on some coins.
Cartesian coordinates
What are 26 simple facts about numbers from A to Z?
Above the solidus line of a fraction is its numerator
Beneath the solidus line of a fraction is its denominator
Composite numbers have more than two factors
Decimals are numbers are less than 1 and begin with a decimal point
Even numbers are divisible by 2 with no remainders
Factors are numbers that are divisible into other numbers with no remainders
Greatest common factor reduces fractions to their lowest terms
Hindu-Arabic numerals are: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 and 9
Irrational numbers can't be expressed as fractions but rational numbers can
Just add 1 to 12 to make a baker's dozen which is 13
Kilo means a thousand which is 1,000
Lowest common denominator/multiple is needed when adding or subtracting fractions
Multiplying or dividing fraction don't need a common denominator
Negative numbers are less than zero and begin with a minus sign
Odd numbers when divided by 2 always leave a remainder of 1
Prime number has only two factors which are itself and one
Quarter of 1 is 0.25 as a decimal, 1/4 as a fraction and 25% as a percentage
Roman numerals are: I V X L C D and M
Square number is the product of a number multiplied by itself twice as: 5*5=25
Two is the only known even prime number
Units are from 1 to 9
V as a Roman numeral equals 5
Whole numbers or integers do not have fractions or decimals attached to them
X as a Roman numeral equals 10
Years and major sporting events are often notated in Roman numerals
Zero is the most important number of them all because it tells us as for example that 207 is different from 27
What are the two methods of adding together 8.5 and 9.5 entirely in Roman numerals?
In Roman numerals 8.5 = VIIIS or SIX and 9.5 = VIIIIS or SX
So: VIIIS+VIIIIS = XVIII => 8.5+9.5 = 18 or octodecim in Latin
And: SIX+SX = IIXX => (10-1.5)+(10-0.5) = (20-2) or duodevginti in Latin
Note: 2*S = I, 5*I = V and 2*V = X
Values: X = 10, V = 5, I = 1 and S = 1/2 or 0.5
QED by David Gambell
Notwithstanding todays modern conversion of 999 into Roman numerals which are now considered to be CMXCIX inasmuch that the ancient Romans probably would have subtracted the equivalent of 999 from 1776 in either of the following formats:-
A: MDCCLXXVI-IM = DCCLXXVII => 1776-(1000-1) = 777
B: MDCCLXXVI-DCCCCLXXXXVIIII = DCCLXXVII => 1776-999 = 777
QED
The requested calculations that were probably worked out as in Roman times are as follows:-
MDCCLXXVI+SC = MDCCCLXXVS => 1776+(100-0.5) = 1875.5
MDCCLXXVI+LXXXXVIIIIS = MDCCCLXXVS => 1776+99.5 = 1875.5
MDCCLXXVI-SC = MDCLXXVIS => 1776-(100-0.5) = 1676.5
MDCCLXXVI-LXXXXVIIIIS = MDCLXXVIS => 1776-99.5 = 1676.5
Note that the way we now work out Roman numerals today had absolutely nothing to do with the ancient Romans whatsoever because the rules now governing the Roman numeral system were introduced during the Middle Ages.
QED
In todays modern configuration of Roman numerals 49 is now considered to be XLIX but the ancient Romans would have probably added the given numbers in either of the following formats:-
A: MDCCLXXVI+IL = MDCCCXXV => 1776+(50-1) = 1825.
B: MDCCLXXVI+XXXXVIIII = MDCCCXXV => 1776+49 = 1825.
For more complicated calculations the Romans would have used an abacus calculating device.
QED
How do you write the standard number -75.116 in exponential notation?
Negative numbers cannot be written in exponential notation. The rules require the number to be between 1.0-9.9.
The Roman or Latin numerals for 1776 and 223 are MDCCLXXVI and CCXXIII respectively. Therefore in accordance with today's rules governing the Roman numeral system they add up to MCMXCIX (1999).
But during the Roman era these numerals would have been calculated on an abacus counting device as:-
MDCCLXXVI + CCXXIII = MDCCCCLXXXXVIIII and probably have been simplified to IMM (-1+2000 = 1999) in written form.
The reason why MCMXCIX is chosen instead of IMM is presumably to make it easier to convert them into Hindu-Arabic numerals and vice versa.
What numeric system does not use 0?
The Romans had no numeral for zero. But later, during the middle ages, monks who still wrote in Latin and used Roman numerals introduced the symbol N (representing the Latin word Nullae) for zero.
Why did they create Hindu Arabic numerals?
For the same reasons that we need a numeracy system today which is based on the Hindu-Arabic numeral system that was a lot easier than the Roman numeral system that it replaced.
Related word for numerical expression?
Not really sure if it's what you're looking for, but an equation usually consists of two numerical expressions separated by an equal sign.
