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Science Experiments

Experiments often conducted by students to test different scientific theories and hypotheses

11,111 Questions

Describe the role of frederic joliot and Irene curie in the discovery of induced radioactivity?

Irene Joliet-Curie and Frederic Joliot

Irene Joliet-Curie and her husband Frédéric both were French scientists who shared winning the Nobel Prize award in chemistry in 1935 for artificially synthesizing a radioactive isotope of phosphorus by bombarding aluminum with alpha particles. 30P (15 protons/elections) was the first radioactive nuclide obtained through this method of artificially inducing radioactivity.

ImagesIrene Joliot-Curie and husband, Frederic Joliot:

Aluminum:

Polonium:

Artificially Induced Radioactivity TodayBefore this discovery of artificial induction of radioactivity, it was a common belief that atoms of matter are unchangeble and indivisible. After the very first discoveries made by Ernest Rutherford, Irene Joliot-Curie and her husband, Frederic Joliot, a new point of view was developed. The point of view that although atoms appear to be stable, they can be transformed into new atoms with different chemical properties. Today over one thousand artificially created radioactive nuclides exist, which considerably outnumber the nonradioactive ones created. Activation by neutron capture

Activation (or radioactivation) involves making a radioactive isotope by neutron capture, e.g. the addition of a neutron to a nuclide resulting in an increase in isotope number by 1 while retaining the same atomic number. Activation is often an inadvertant process occuring inside or near a nuclear reactor, where there are many neutrons flying around. For example, Cobalt-59 has a large neutron capture cross-section, making it likely that Co-59 in or near a nuclear reactor will capture a neutron forming the radioactive isotope Co-60. To avoid this inadvertant activation, the use of cobalt in or near reactors is minimized to the extent it is practical. Light water coolant in nuclear reactors inevitably contain traces of impurities which inadvertantly become neutron-activated making the primary water coolant radioactive. In boiling water reactors (BWR), the radioactive water/steam contaminates the inside of the steam turbine with radioactivity. Maintenance in a BWR steam turbine requires radiological controls to avoid contamination of the maintenance personnel.

What is the purpose of a control group?

The defintion of a control group in an experiment is a standard for comparison. So then the purpose of the whole control group during an expirenment is to have something to compare your data to.

Prove that projectile motion is parabola?

The path of a projectile follows a parabolic trajectory because it is influenced by both horizontal and vertical acceleration due to gravity. The horizontal motion is constant and unaffected by gravity, while the vertical motion is uniformly accelerated downward due to gravity. The combination of these two independent motions results in a parabolic path.

If you suspend two balloons from a meter stick with different volumes of air--will it balance or lean more to one side---and which side?

If you mean the air we breathe, the meter stick will lean towards the balloon with the greater volume of air in it. However, if you fill the balloons with helium, the meter stick will lean toward the balloon with less helium, since helium makes balloons float.

What is the name for this type of double replacement reaction where two solutions are mixed and a solid product is formed?

The type of double replacement reaction you are referring to is called a precipitation reaction. In this type of reaction, when two solutions are mixed, an insoluble solid called a precipitate is formed.

This is a factor that changes in an experiment. Proper procedure calls for testing only one of these at a time?

An independent variable is a factor that changes in an experiment, and it is important to test only one independent variable at a time to accurately determine its effect on the dependent variable while controlling for other factors. By isolating one independent variable, researchers can establish a clear cause-and-effect relationship and draw valid conclusions from the experiment.

Factors that could affect equilibrium of beam?

There are many factors that could affect the equilbrium of beams such as 1- Mass volume: increase or decrease the mass volume that is measured. 2- Distance: the difference in distance between the mass and RBR could affect the result of the experiment. 3- Adjusting the RBR to zero reading . by mohammed, Nasser and mostafa. students of manufacturing engineering in UniMAP /Perlis / Malaysia

What is salutatory conduction?

Saltatory conduction refers to the propagation of action potentials along myelinated axons from one node of Ranvier to the next node. It increases the conduction velocity of action potentials.

What do you call an experiment with only one variable?

Well in the case that it does have a variable, even just one, it would still be a variable experiment because that one part of the experiment may still cause a different effect/result when changed!!!

How does the heat get in to the metal spoon?

Heat can enter a metal spoon through conduction, where heat energy is transferred directly from the heat source to the metal spoon as the atoms vibrate and pass on the energy. This process occurs when the spoon is placed in contact with a hot object or placed in a hot environment, causing the metal spoon to absorb the heat and increase in temperature.

What is the color of light determined by?

The color of light is determined by its wavelength. Different colors of light have different wavelengths, with red light having longer wavelengths and blue light having shorter wavelengths. When white light passes through a prism, it separates into the colors of the visible spectrum based on their wavelengths.

The best way to slow down a falling piece of paper?

The best way to slow down a falling piece of paper is to increase air resistance by crumpling the paper or increasing its surface area by attaching a parachute-like object to it. This will create more drag force, slowing down the paper's descent.

Name for moving things with the mind?

Telekinesis is the term used for the ability to move objects with the mind, often associated with psychic abilities or superhuman powers in science fiction and fantasy.

What things have a effect on evaporation?

Factors that can influence the rate of evaporation include temperature (warmer temperatures increase evaporation), humidity (lower humidity increases evaporation), air movement (wind can enhance evaporation), surface area (larger surface areas increase evaporation), and the presence of solutes (decreases evaporation).

What is paper chromatography?

Paper chromatography is a laboratory technique used to separate and analyze mixtures of substances. It involves applying a sample to a strip of paper, which is then placed in a solvent and allowed to separate into its individual components based on their different affinities to the paper and the solvent. The separated components can be visualized as distinct bands on the paper strip.

Is it acid into base or base into acid?

The answer might depend on what kind of solution you are talking about. If you start with water and add acid, you get a dilute solution of acid, then a more concentrated solution as you add more.

If you started pouring water into acid, you would initially get a very concentrated solution, then diluter as you add more water.

If you are in the lab with a beaker of acid and a beaker of water and need to mix them, always pour the acid into the the water, not the other way around. The mixing generates heat. There is a slight chance that the beaker could break or get knocked over just after you start mixing. Spilling hot acid with a little bit of water is far more dangerous than spilling hot water with a little bit of acid.

What material produces the most friction in a rough and dry surface?

While there is no definite answer, the substance that produces the most friction when rubbing up against another substance is almost certainly rubber. This is why it is used in tires.

What is Q value in dissolution?

The Q value in dissolution refers to the amount of drug released from a pharmaceutical dosage form at a specific time point during dissolution testing. It is calculated as the cumulative percentage of drug released at that time point. Q values help assess the rate and extent of drug release from the dosage form in various dissolution media.

What is the logical way of solving a problem?

The logical way of solving a problem involves breaking it down into smaller manageable parts, analyzing each part systematically, identifying possible solutions, evaluating their effectiveness, and selecting the best solution based on evidence and reasoning. It often requires clear thinking, systematic approach, and logical reasoning to reach a sound conclusion.

What is the importance of density in real life?

Density is the relationship between mass and volume for a given substance. Therefore, if you know two of an object's density, mass, and volume, you can figure out the third. One of density's biggest applications is is buoyancy as an object less dense than water will float and an object more dense than water will sink. In meteorology, less dense warm air rises while denser cold air sinks beneath it, causing weather patterns. When this process is disrupted, ie a pocket of less dense warm air become trapped under a dense patch of cold air, the air becomes stagnant and causes pollution issues in major metropolitan areas.

What equipment is needed for a roving microphone to work in a group situation?

To set up a roving microphone for a group situation, you would need a wireless microphone, a receiver to pick up the microphone signal, a sound system to amplify the audio, and a portable speaker if needed. It's also helpful to have a staff member to manage the roving microphone and ensure it is passed around efficiently.

How do you detect salt in water without tasting?

You can detect salt in water without tasting by measuring the density of the water. Place a glass of spring water and a glass of the suspected salt water on a balance scale and the heavier one contains salt. Other ways to test for salt in water is to put a drop of water on the end of a nail and place in a gas flame. If the water contains salt, the flame will turn a yellow/orange color.

What were Gregor Mendel's first two experiments?

Gregor Mendel's first experiment was with pea plants.

His goal was to find the genetic qualities in the third generation and see how they differ with the parental generation. He later developed some twisted logic about DNA.

You can simulate Mendel's experiment with a Punnet Square and some data.

What is used to measure a small quantity of liquid most accurate reading?

A graduated cylinder is typically used to measure small quantities of liquid with the most accurate reading. These cylinders are designed to provide precise measurements and are commonly found in laboratory settings.

How the density of a regular and irregular objects determined?

Weigh the object. Determine the volume. Divide the mass by the volume to get the density. To get the volume of an irregular shaped object can be challenging especially if there are cavities (holes) in it. submersion in a liquid or powder of known volume might be possible. Measure the difference in the volume of the liquid and the liquid + the object (making sure the object is entirely below the surface of the liquid and that any cavities are filled).