Space Shuttle

The space shuttle was designed for low earth orbit (between 200-300 nautical miles) and could not reach the moon.

Space shuttles do contribute to pollution during their launches, as they release harmful chemicals and greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. However, the impact is relatively small compared to other sources of pollution on Earth. Efforts are being made to develop more efficient and environmentally friendly space travel technology to reduce these emissions.

Rockets are painted white to reflect sunlight and minimize heat absorption, helping to regulate the temperature of the spacecraft. The use of black is to help radiate excess heat from the rocket. This color scheme helps to protect the spacecraft and sensitive equipment from extreme temperature fluctuations during launch and while in space.

Second space shuttle in space was Challenger, but second space shuttle ever was Enterprise, what was made for testing in atmosphere.

Why shouldn't they? The basic physical principles are the same in space as here on Earth. An understanding of Newton's Third Law may help understand how rockets work. They do not work outside of near Earth since no atmosphere and zero substantial gravity makes Newton's explanation moot. It'll just BS.

Space shuttles are important because they allowed for the transportation of crew and cargo to and from space, facilitating scientific research, satellite deployment, and construction of the International Space Station. They also enabled the assembly and maintenance of space infrastructure, marking significant advancements in human space exploration capabilities.

An SRB is an acronym for Solid Rocket Booster. The SRBs are the two white rockets attached to the side of the US Space Shuttle's external fuel tank. They weigh about 1,300,000 pounds each at launch and stand almost 150 feet high. The provide power for the first two minutes of powered flight. Each SRB produces approximately 2,800,000 pounds of thrust, about 83% of the space shuttles initial thrust. Additionally, eac SRB is equipped with a Rang Safety System (RSS), an explosive charge to destroy the booster if it were to go out of control. The RSS has only been used once, after the Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster, when the remaining SRB was terminated 37 seconds after the breakup of the orbiter.

Space shuttles use fuel when taking off and for control while in orbit, deorbiting, and landing. The main takeoff engines use liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen, and there are two solid-fuel rocket boosters. In orbit, the shuttle uses thrusters that burn hydrazine and nitrogen tetroxide.

One example of a man-made Indian satellite is "Aryabhata," which was India's first satellite launched in 1975.

During a rocket launch, the thrust of the rocket engine is greater than the weight of the rocket. This is necessary for the rocket to overcome Earth's gravitational pull and lift off into space. The thrust generated pushes the rocket upwards while gravity pulls it down.

The Apollo missions which reached the moon were launched from the Kennedy Space Center.

The space shuttle was not designed to reach the moon, but instead orbits the Earth at 200-300 nautical miles.

The Columbia shuttle was launched using the Space Shuttle system, which involved strapping the shuttle onto a rocket boosters and an external fuel tank. The boosters provided most of the thrust during liftoff, with the shuttle's main engines igniting once in space.

Yuri Gagarin, a Soviet cosmonaut, was the first human to journey into space on April 12, 1961, aboard the Vostok 1 spacecraft. He completed one orbit around Earth during his historic flight.

When we fly on earth or on other planets, we call this atmospheric flight. When we fly without the forces of a planet pulling on the spacecraft, which only occurs in space, hence we call it space flight. The reason these are differentiated is because of whether or not there are air molecules are present. With air molecules (atmospheric flight) Bernoulli's Principle applies, which explains air flow, and in the space flight it does not apply.

The first manned spaceflight was made by Yuri Gagarin on April 12, 1961, aboard the Soviet spacecraft Vostok 1. Gagarin's historic flight made him the first human to travel into space and orbit the Earth.

Apollo 13 experienced landing problems due to an explosion in one of its oxygen tanks, which severely damaged the spacecraft's systems. This led to a loss of power, heat, and water, creating a life-threatening situation for the astronauts. As a result, the mission had to be aborted, and the focus shifted to ensuring the safe return of the crew back to Earth.

Space vehicles are launched from various locations around the world, with some of the most common being Kennedy Space Center in Florida, Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, and Guiana Space Centre in French Guiana. These locations are chosen for their proximity to the equator, suitable weather conditions, and established infrastructure for space launches.

Astronauts on the International Space Station recycle almost all of their water. Urine and sweat are collected and purified through a system called the Water Recovery and Management system. This system removes contaminants and recycles the water for consumption. Additionally, water is brought to the space station periodically by resupply missions.

The bottle is partly filled with water and sealed. The bottle is then pressurized with a gas, usually air compressed from a bicycle pump, air compressor, or cylinder up to 125 psi, but sometimes CO2 or nitrogen from a cylinder.

Water and gas are used in combination, with the gas providing a means to store potential energy, as it is compressible, and the water increasing the mass fraction and providing greater momentum when ejected from the rocket's nozzle. Sometimes additives are combined with the water to enhance performance in different ways. For example: salt can be added to increase the density of the reaction mass resulting in a higher specific impulse. Soap is also sometimes used to create a dense foam in the rocket which lowers the density of the expelled reaction mass but increases the duration of thrust. It is speculated that foam acts as a compressible liquid and enhances the thrust when used with De Laval nozzles.

The seal on the nozzle of the rocket is then released and rapid expulsion of water occurs at high speeds until the propellant has been used up and the air pressure inside the rocket drops to atmospheric pressure. There is a net force created on the rocket in accordance withNewton's third law. The expulsion of the water thus can cause the rocket to leap a considerable distance into the air.

In addition to aerodynamic considerations, altitude and flight duration are dependent upon the volume of water, the initial pressure, the rocket nozzle's size, and the unloaded weight of the rocket. The relationship between these factors is complex and several simulators have been written by enthusiasts to explore these and other factors.

Often the pressure vessel is built from one or more used plastic soft drink bottles, but polycarbonate fluorescent tube covers, plastic pipes, and other light-weight pressure-resistant cylindrical vessels have also been used.

Typically launch pressures vary from 75 to 150 psi (500 to 1000 kPa). The higher the pressure, the larger the stored energy.

During a shuttle launch, astronauts experience high G-forces which can cause increased blood pressure, changes in vision, and difficulty breathing. The force of gravity can also compress the spine and put stress on the body, leading to potential muscular-skeletal issues. As the shuttle accelerates, the astronauts feel heavier due to the increasing G-forces acting on their bodies.

A space pilot operates spacecraft to navigate through space, launch and land vehicles, and communicate with mission control. They are responsible for ensuring the safety of the crew and the success of the mission.

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