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Submarines
Submarines are naval craft that can operate for an extended period of time underwater. They are used primarily as warships, as well as for business, scientific and other purposes. Submarines are different from submersibles, which only have limited underwater capability.
2,056 Questions
What are some things submersibles do?
Submersibles work on undersea oilwells, recover practice torpedoes, search for sunken ships or things that have fallen off ships and sunk.
Was there any Canadian submarines in World War 2?
Yes. the Royal Canadian Navy maintained a submarine arm in both world wars. interestingly Canadian subs were code-named after Indian Tribes. this can be taken without reservation- pun intended. It is understood they still are. The modern RCN has only conventional ( Diesel electric) submarine, not atomic ones. the RN ( British) has nuclear subs, as does France. the only allied countries having atomic subs other than the US are Britain and France. Sorry, Fair Italy does not have any atomic subs, but they have a neat conventional arm. an Italian built sub held the world depth record in a controlled plunge in the late forties. The Bathyscaphe-X went down l0,334 feet- this was way., way ahead of it"s time. Craft was crafted byNavalmeccanica in Italy.
Who designed the first submarine in 1578?
Credit for the invention of the submarine is sometimes given to William Bourne, a British mathematician and ex-Royal Navy gunner, who published a design in 1578.
Why do submarines generate electricity at 60 hz What happens if they generate at a lesser frequency?
US submarines generate 60 hz... not sure about other countries. 60 hz is the US Standard. That pretty much sums it up. If they were to generate a different frequency such as 50 hz then the electrical motors would turn a bit slower. Also if the motors were rated at 60 hz and were ran at 50 hz then the volts/hertz ratio would be off resulting in over excitation of the windings and slight loss of efficiency and possible overheating.
Who created advancements in the civil war submarines?
The confederacy. they had several subs. the north had only one, the Alligator.
First submarine was built where?
The first submarine may have been built by Dutchman Cornelius Drebbel in England in 1623. He certainly designed one, however it is not certain he ever built it. Sometime between 1690 and 1692, French physicist Denis Papin designed and built two submarines, apparently in Marburg, Germany.The history is a bit sketchy, but, depending on who you believe, the first sub was built either in England, or in Germany, but, in either case, not by people who were native to those lands.
How does a submarine hover at a certain depth?
Hovering is a precise maneuver, and is typically used by boats in preparation for surfacing through the ice, or for vertical missile launch ops where a stationary platform is required.
Hovering requires precise trim ballast tank control. Trim tanks are used to maintain Neutral Buoyancy while submerged, as well as to compensate for buoyancy and variable ballast changes when moving through depths or different temperature zones in the ocean. Once the boat is at an all-stop bell, the Ballast Control Panel (BCP) operator (the Chief of the Watch) will bring in or pump out the required amount of water from the trim tanks to hover. This can be tricky when you're trying to surface under the ice through a polynya (thin ice pond) as currents can move you when you move from a hovering/stationary position at depth to a slow ascent. It's not uncommon to get pushed into thick ice while making the transition.
For vertical launch missile ops, the boat must re-hover after a launch to regain a stable platform.
What is the name of the submarine used during the Civil War?
The first submarine to be used as an instrument of war was an egg-shaped craft that carried only one person. Four submersible vessels were built during the American Civil War by the fleet. In 1864, a confederate submarine, the Hunley, blew up the USS Housatonic in Charleston, South Carolina, harbor, but the explosion too destroyed itself. Submarines were used in different types of ways. For example, the 'Davids' , did score some successes but their cost was exorbitant; two warships sunk and a third damaged for the loss of two submersibles.
Traditionally subdued colors like flat black, shades of grey, dark colors to minimize visibility. Pink and Yellow only in the movies- though oceanographic subs are painted yellow -lilke construction machines- for maximum visibility.
Where did the aqua team boss go to jack the submarine?
They went to the hideout. it's east of lillycove city, really close to it... you'll need to surf
How does a submarine adjust its depth?
This answer addresses the modern military submarines. There is a bit of variation on the theme, and a bit more when considering other types of boats. When submarines are submerged and underway, they are neutrally buoyant. The boat is set up this way so that minimal effort is required to control depth. (If the boat isn't sinking or trying to float to the surface, the operators can tend to other things.) With a boat submerged and properly trimmed, the planes are added to the rudder as the hydrodynamic surfaces. There are a couple of set-ups for planes. Boats have stern planes back aft. From there, some have bow planes up front, and some have planes on the superstructure, or sail (conning tower). A boat will have stern planes and bow planes, or it will have stern planes and sail planes. And the planes are used to control the depth. When the boat needs to surface or dive steeply, the bow and stern planes are used to "point" the boat in the desired direction. The angle that the vessel is moving through the water, the "bubble" of the boat, is changed. By tipping the bow planes up and the stern planes down, the boat can be pointed to the surface. Tipped oppositely, the boat heads down. For small changes in depth, both planes are eased in the same direction. Tip both up a bit, and the boat is pulled up through the water. And the boat's bubble isn't changed. Tip both planes down a bit, and the opposite effect results. The boat remains level while slowly changing depth. On the boats with the stern planes and the sail (or fairwater) planes, the depth is changed to dive or surface by using the stern planes in the same manner as in the boats that have both bow planes and stern planes. The fairwater or sail planes are not used. But for small changes of depth, the fairwater planes can be used by themselves. The fairwater planes are approximately amidships, and by tipping them up, the "down" force they impart "pushes the boat down" without changing the bubble of the boat. Make sense? The sail planes take advantage of the boat's neutral buoyancy. The force generated by the planes when they are used will act in a way that causes the boat to sink a bit more or rise a bit more without changing the bubble of the boat. It remains level while slowly changing depth. Use the links to look at pictures of boats and check out their plane configurations.
What did the earliest form of a submarine look like?
The Revolutionary War (1776) TURTLE looked like an egg and was built of wood. It was piloted by Sgt. Lee of the American Continental Army.
How is steam used to power a nuclear submarine?
Steam from the nuclear reactor turns turbines. These turbines either turn the propeller directly or turn generators that produce electricity to power electric motors which turn the propellor.
What does Unrestricted Submarine Warfare refer to?
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare (URSW) is a Naval doctrine in which a submarine will attack any vessel carrying a flag of its enemies, its enemies' allies, or others suspected of giving aid to an enemy, without warning or provocation. The doctrine applies to any vessel, whether it is civilian or military in nature, large or small.
HISTORY
Prior to WWI, belligerents observed "Prize" or "Cruiser" rules, which stated that the ship couldn't sink a passenger ship, only a merchant vessel of an enemy nation, and that the crew/passengers aboard any vessel must be clear and safe before it was sunk. These rules were from the days of sailing vessels, and with WWI and the advent of submarine warfare and modern weapons, it didn't take long to determine that those rules were obsolete. This was essentially the basis for Germany's initial submarine warfare policy.
Though Germany initially tried to comply with Prize Rules, as WWI submarine warfare progressed, it became apparent that those rules were outdated and even dangerous. With its practice of warning ships and allowing passengers and crew to leave prior to sinking, it meant that the attacking submarine would be a sitting duck to any enemy vessels or aircraft. The ship's crew only needed to summon military assistance by radio, and the passengers and crew could take their time to evacuate the ship, giving time for aid to arrive.
URSW & THE SINKING OF THE BRITISH PASSENGER LINER RMS LUSITANIA
On May 1, 1915, the British passenger liner RMS Lusitania departed New York for Britain. Just a few days earlier, Germany had released this notice via its embassy in Washington, D.C.:
Imperial German Embassy
Washington, D.C. 22nd April 1915
On May 6, 1915, the British passenger liner RMS Lusitania was torpedoed by the German U-boat U-20, just 11.5 miles off the coast of Ireland, sinking in 18 minutes. Of the 1198 passengers who died, almost 100 were children, and she also carried 139 Americans, 128 of which died in the sinking. Among the passengers were many American and British dignitaries and luminaries of the day.
The resulting world public backlash pressured the German leadership to revert to a policy of Restricted Submarine Warfare. They reverted back to URSW in 1917 to counter the British blockade of Germany, hoping to break the back of British shipping and to delay the U.S. entry into the war, but by then it was too late. Had they held fast and continued their policy of URSW after the Lusitania, WWI may have turned out much differently, as URSW and advancements in submarine warfare in general were relatively new during WWI. As a result, Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) techniques had not yet significantly progressed enough to deter a significant submarine threat if Germany had continued.
Their reversion back to a URSW policy was also one of the key elements leading to the entry of the United States into WWI.
UNRESTRICTED SUBMARINE WARFARE DURING WWII
Until the advent of the escorted convoy system and improved Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) techniques, German U-boats during WWII conducting URSW in the Battle of the Atlantic caused devastating losses for Allied shipping. However, contrary to Hollywood fiction and wartime propaganda, it is well known that many U-Boat commanders would give aid (including food, water, and blankets) to survivors and point them toward the nearest land, despite official Nazi policy.
Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and its declaration of war on America, one of the first commands to deployed Pacific-fleet U.S. submarine commanders was to "Execute Unrestricted Submarine Warfare" against Japan. It was this policy that bought the U.S. enough time to repair the fleet at Pearl Harbor, and help reinforce the Carrier Groups that had survived to counter the Japanese expansion into the Pacific. Japan's failure to deal with the U.S. submarine threat helped speed her defeat in the Pacific Theatre.
LEGACY
Even today, the mere threat of URSW can tie up a fleet's resources. During the Falklands War in 1982, the sinking of the Argentine Navy Cruiser ARA General Belgrano by the British nuclear submarine HMS Conqueror, had a chilling effect on Argentine Naval operations. After the sinking, the entire Argentine Navy fleet retired back to port for the remainder of the war, save for their one remaining conventional DE submarine, the ARA San Luis.
The British, having captured and scuttled the only other Argentine submarine, remained on the defensive as a result of the San Luis' presence. Though the San Luis failed to successfully attack 2 British ships (some torpedoes missed, others were dealt with by torpedo countermeasures), the threat from the San Luis tied up one carrier, eleven destroyers, five nuclear-powered submarines, one diesel submarine, and over 25 helicopters.
How do modern submarines differ from past submarines?
1. Can stay under water forever. Non-nuke subs had to surface to re-charge their systems. 2. Cleaner air to breath, better food to eat, more space to move around in. 3. Can go deeper than a non-nuke sub. 4. Can go faster than a non-nuke sub. 5. Are quieter than a non-nuke sub. 6. Carry deadlier weapons than a non-nuke sub.
How were the perished members of the USS Tang honored?
The USS TANG (SS-306) is currently honored at a featured memorial at the National WWII Memorial in New Orleans.
The crew is also honored on the "On Eternal Patrol" website (link below).
What is depth of submarine under the sea?
The depth of a submarine under the sea means how many feet below the surface of the sea it is.
Which country has the quietest submarines?
Take it from someone who has seen the American, British and Russian submarines in action -- the American's have the quietest submarines.
The US says they do.
The Russians (former USSR) say they do.
The British say they do.
Bottom line: It all depends upon who you ask.
How is air kept pure in submarine?
In 1975, the U.S. Naval Research Lab (NRL), developed and began deployment of the Central Atmosphere Monitor System (CAMS) on all U.S. Navy submarines. CAMS, and its successor on the Trident / Seawolf / Virginia class boats, is capable of monitoring key levels of toxic gases (CO, CO2, etc.) and will alert the crew if any level is in the danger range. CAMS readings are taken hourly aboard ship, and it's one of the most critical pieces of gear aboard a modern submarine.
There are several vital machines critical to maintaining the air environment for crew habitation aboard any submarine. Though it differs with the propulsion type (Nuclear or Diesel - Nuke's have more power generating capacity), in general they use the same methods.
The machines are:
1. Oxygen Generator (called the "Bomb") - Uses Electrolysis to separate Hydrogen and Oxygen atoms in distilled water. Hydrogen is bled back to sea as tiny bubbles, O2 is compressed in storage tanks outside the internal pressure hull, and released as needed into the crew areas to maintain a certain O2 level throughout the boat.
2. Carbon Dioxide Scrubber - Uses a chemical called Monoethanolamine to absorb CO2 from the air. The chemical is then heated, which releases the gas, which is then bled overboard. A powdered chemical called Lithium Hydroxide (in canisters) has also been used as a backup CO2 Adsorbent (sic) chemical in case the scrubber is inoperable.
3. Carbon Monoxide Burner - Absorbs CO and uses a catalytic process to get rid of the gas.
4. Electrostatic Precipitators - positioned in the main Ventilation system, the ESP's remove particulates from the submarine environment - dust, smoke, etc.
5. Diesel Generator - All modern submarines use diesels for either primary or backup power generation, and also for emergency ventilation, either surfaced or at Periscope Depth using a Snorkel Mast.
6. Low-Pressure Blower - The LPB is essentially a big fan, capable of drawing in air from the surface via the Snorkel and rapidly ventilating the boat. Over time, scrubbed air gets pretty stale, and fresh air is a welcome change.
7. Main Induction Fans are responsible for circulating the air (cooled or heated as required by ocean water temperature outside) throughout the boat. the ventilation system can be configured to draw air in through the snorkel mast, or to just recirculate air. There has, however, been more than one occurrence of the main induction valve (which closes automatically when water hits it) on the snorkel mast failing, resulting in the main induction fans bringing in water at a very high rate.
A submarine environment, however clean air-wise, is still a toxic place to live and work. Most chemicals used to operate systems have their own carcinogens and vapors, e.g., diesel fuel and hydraulic fluid, and can lead to crew members developing lung problems over time. As an example, a polished brass plaque on board will only stay that way for about a week or two if left alone.
All boats carry chemicals used to absorb toxic gases as well, and if necessary, the crew can breathe clean air from the Emergency Air Breathing (EAB) system, essentially a system of air manifolds with plugins that attach to full face breathing masks. These are often used during casualties / drills in which the boat hasn't had the time to reach PD yet, but the air is toxic enough to warrant EAB mask use. The system isn't without its problems though - in the '80's, the USS Bonefish, stricken by a Battery Well fire, lost its OOD, Radioman, Helm and Planesman who had remained onboard after the crew had been ordered topside to await rescue. Though they were wearing their EAB masks, they were found to have taken in hydrogen cyanide gas released through the burning of Otto Fuel, used in MK 48 torpedoes. One of the darkest days in our Squadron.
Was the submarine effective in World War I?
Yes, A German U-Boat sunk The Lusitania, eventually causing The United States to join the war, I'd say that's a huge impact.
Undoubtedly. The submarine came of age in World War 1, but its success was less than it could have been because admirals preferred to fight with massive fleets of surface ships. Navies had submarines in earlier wars (late 1800's, early 1900's), but they were held out of action. In World War 1, the submarine proved itself a warship that could no longer be ignored. As evidence that submarines were not taken seriously before the war, no anti-submarine weapons were invented until after submarines began sinking enemy ships.
The most famous submarines of WWI were the German U-Boats (U standing for Untersee, the German word for underwater)
What is fired from submarines?
Weapons launched (fired) from submarines include torpedoes, ballistic missiles, or cruise missiles. These are the primary weapons, and a few other options exist.
