The Great Awakening

The Great Awakening was a religious movement. It was important for the colonies because it influenced them.

The opponents of the Great Awakening believed that if a person paid a church tax, he was a Christian. The Great Awakening demanded a personal decision to follow Jesus. The opponents called this demand for a personal decision, Emotionalism.

The Great Awakening wanted Christian Education for the masses. The opposition did not believe that necessary. That movement began with class meetings which turned into Sunday schools.

This is an AP U.S. History question...

Religion

Those caught up in the movement likely experienced new forms of religiosity. They became passionately and emotionally involved in their religion, rather than passively listening to intellectual discourse in a detached manner. Ministers who used this new style of preaching were sometimes called "new lights," while the preachers who remained unemotional were referred to as "old lights." People affected by the revival began to study The Bible at home. This effectively decentralized the means of informing the public on religious manners and was akin to the individualistic trends present in Europe during the Protestant Reformation.

Historians have debated whether the Awakening had a political impact on the American Revolution, which took place soon after. Heimert (1966) argues that Calvinism and Jonathan Edwards provided pre-Revolutionary America with a radical and democratic social and political ideology and that evangelical religion embodied and inspired a thrust toward American nationalism. Colonial Calvinism was the basis for the American Great Awakening and that in turn lay at the basis of the American Revolution. Heimert thus sees a major impact as the Great Awakening provided the radical American nationalism that prompted the Revolution. Awakening preachers sought to review God's covenant with America and to repudiate the materialistic, acquisitive, corrupt world of an affluent colonial society. The source of this corruption lay in England, and a severance of the ties with the mother country would result in a rededication of America to the making of God's Kingdom. However, Heimert has been criticized for not recognizing the differences between educated and uneducated evangelists, and for not recognizing the significance of Separate-Baptists and Methodists.

The First Great Awakening resulted from powerful preaching that aimed to convince listeners of their personal guilt and of their need of salvation through decisive action that included public repentance. The Great Awakening led people to "experience God in their own way" and taught that they were responsible for their own actions.

Pulling away from ritual and ceremony, the Great Awakening made religion intensely personal to the average person by creating a deep sense of spiritual guilt and redemption, along with introspection and a commitment to a new standard of personal morality.Historian Sydney E. Ahlstrom sees it as part of a "great international Protestant upheaval" that also created Pietism in Germany, the Evangelical Revival and Methodism in England.

The attempt at conversion brought about an apocalyptic event in New England that challenged established authority. It incited rancor and division between the old traditionalists who insisted on ritual and doctrine, and the new revivalists. It had a major impact in reshaping the Congregational, Presbyterian, Dutch Reformed and German Reformed denominations, and strengthened the small Baptist and Methodist denominations. It had little impact on Anglicans and Quakers.

Unlike the Second Great Awakening, which began about 1800 and reached out to the unchurched, the First Great Awakening focused on people who were already church members. It may have contributed to changes in some followers' ritual behavior, piety, and sense of self.

American revolutionists

The push for religious freedom led colonists to also want political freedom.

the second great awakening affected the launch of the reform era..... beause Tomas Jefferson signed the treaty of transcendentalism

The increase of interest in books and learning.

The Enlightenment and the Great Awakening prompted Americans to challenge traditional sources of authority. These movements showed citizens the how to reason and think for themselves, instead of just following authority. They felt that people should follow the way of Jesus instead of blindly following the current leaders in authority.

They wanted to study their own religious ideas.

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The risk of igniting a hot war with the Soviet Union presented a great risk, versus relatively little benefit if the Hungarian Revolt were to succeed.

Wandering preachers were often referred to as "itinerant preachers." These individuals traveled from place to place, preaching and spreading religious teachings, often outside the confines of traditional church structures. Itinerant preaching was particularly prominent during the Great Awakening in the 18th century and in various revival movements, where preachers sought to reach a wider audience and engage with communities directly.

The Enlightenment and the Great Awakening fostered a spirit of inquiry and individualism among American colonists, encouraging them to question traditional authority and religious dogma. This led to a greater emphasis on reason, science, and personal faith, ultimately contributing to a sense of American identity and unity. The ideas of liberty and self-governance gained traction, setting the stage for revolutionary sentiments against British rule. Ultimately, these movements helped cultivate an environment ripe for the pursuit of independence and democratic ideals.

The movement that began in the 1730s and 1740s as a reaction to the decline of religious zeal among the colonial population is known as the First Great Awakening. This religious revival emphasized personal faith, emotional engagement, and a direct relationship with God, challenging established churches and promoting evangelicalism. Key figures included Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield, who inspired widespread religious enthusiasm and led to the formation of new denominations. The movement significantly shaped American religious and cultural life, fostering a sense of shared identity among the colonies.

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