Under equal pressures, all gases expand at the same rate, provided external pressure remains the same.

The effect of heat on the expansion of gases is stated in Charles' Law (see related link).

for isen tropic process the heat transfer(Q) will zero. for poly tropic process is heat transfer not equal to zero

You will have heat transfer to the pot by radiation from the hot coals and by a combination of conduction and convection as the hot gasses of the fire rise to the pot. You might also have some slight heating by conduction from the metal grill to the pot; the grill gets heated the same way as the pot by radiation and flames but may be slightly warmer than the pot since it is closer to the coals and lies between the flames and parts of the pot resting on it. The total heat transfer from the grill to the pot is probably minimal. We would hope that the contents of the pot get heated by the walls of the pot - by conduction and, if they are fluid, convection.

A Carnot cycle representes a gas undergoing a theoretical - means it cannot be implemented realistically - thermodynamic cycle composed of 4 reversible steps (meaning you can go back and everything will be back to the state it was, or scientifically speaking, the entropy of the universe will remain constant):

1- isothermal expansion of the gas (working fluid) - heat is added from the surroundings to the working fuild and it expands at constant temperature;

2- isentropic expansion of the gas - the gas is allowed to expand and produce work;

3- isothermal compression of the gas - the gas rejects heat to the surroundings at constant temperature;

4- isentropic compression of the gas - the gas is compressed and work is need for that compression.

One of the consequences of the 2nd law is that it is impossible for a power plant to achieve 100% efficiency. In fact the maximum efficiency is limited by the temperature of the boiler and temperature of the condenser for power plants powered by heat (like coal, gas fired, and nuclear).

activation energy

After prolonged use the springs lose some of their elasticity. As a result the calibration is inaccurate.

the movement of energy and heat .

At the steady state rate of heat flowing into a system is equal to rate of heat flowing out of a system.here the rate of heat conducted by poor conductor to block below it is equated to rate of heat radiated by that block

No - because the big bang assumes there was a singularity that contained all of what became the mass and energy of the universe we all know and love. In essence, the first law states "you can't get something from nothing" and the big bang assume there was something to start from - even if we can't exactly define what that something was.

The engine that drives atmospheric circulation is the sun - which provides the energy for the circulation.

The heat of rejection, also known as just heat rejection, is when heat leaves a system. How much heat is lost depends on the system and its functionality.

The first law of thermodynamics is also called the law of conservation of energy.it may be stated as: 1st Statement: in this universe energy can neither be created nor destroyed though it may change from one form to another.

If the particles are electrically neutral the state of matter is a gas.

If the particles ore ionized - a "soup" of electrons and positively charged ions, it is a plasma.

1) Any physical process is subject to the Second Law. Assuming otherwise would not be a realistic description of our Universe.

2) The maximum possible efficiency is a factor of 1 (equivalent to 100%). If some energy is wasted, as is usually the case, the actual amount will be somewhat less.

The overall effect is that heat moves from what is warm to what is cold. In theory, the entire universe will eventually reach a uniform temperature.

The first and second laws were already formulated when the "zeroeth law" was suggested, however, the zero law is necessary in order to define the quantity "temperature" critical to the second law, so someone suggested just numbering it zero so that it would come before the already well established 1st and 2nd laws, rather than re-numbering them.

used in the study of Igneous rocks and Metamorphic rocks in their temperature and Pressuse

Well I think is applied in almost everything. Ore Deposits, Geochemistry, Igneous Petrology, Metamorphic geology, geochronology, environmental geology, aqueous geochemistry, environmental pollution, phase equilibria, in all natural systems is applied thermodynamics, if you are good in thermodynamics you are in good shape to study natural systems i.e. geologic systems.

The transition of a material from liquid to solid invariably involves removing energy from the material. Another way to look at this is that the liquid releases energy as it transitions to being a solid.

The Second Law of Thermodynamics.

It might cool another fraction of a degree (to -273.15 deg C, approx). No further cooling can take place since at that temperature, there is no longer any atomic vibrational energy left to remove from the substance and so no means to lower the temperature.