Urinary System

interstitial fluid

The minimum adult urine output to clear the body of waste products is 720 milliliters in 24 hours. Depending on the hydration status of the adult, urine output of up to 2000 milliliters in 24 hours is normal.

When the bladder is empty it's lining is thrown into folds called rugae. It allows the stomach and other tissues to expand when needed.

The kidneys connect the urinary system to the circulatory system. The circulatory system brings blood to the kidneys, which remove nitrogenous wastes and rebalance the blood's salt and water content. The kidneys then transport these wastes to the urinary bladder via the ureters.

The bladder is suboptimally distended with no gross abnormalities?

I believe the scientific term is

"You'vepeedonyourselfyoutard"

what volume of hourly urine output could indicate renal failure?

If someone pees on your but nothing would happen. Your butt gets soaked only.

Yes.

Urine in its self is a sterile fluid and does not contain the HIV virus so drinking urine or watersports are generally safe, but if the person had a bleed and therefor blood in the urine then you do have a possible risk of infection but only if it comes into contact with an open wound, and even then the risk would be small unless there was a large amount of bllod in the urine.

In both males and females, a tube called the urethra exits the bladder and leads to the outside.

if the question is dealing with exccessive urination it could be caused by an enlarged prostate it could also be the bodies way of releiving itself of exxess fluid possibly from high blood pressure the body gets rid of waste products through the urinary system such as excess sodium,potassium and other by products the body can't use

2/18/2008 Continuous bladder irrigation is also used following a medical procedure to the urinary system. I have seen it used most frequently with prostatectomies. The prostate is extremely vascular and bleeds excessively following removal or reduction. A special foley catheter is inserted into the urethra with a Y type adapter to allow fluids to go both in and out. Large bags of normal saline are used to continually flush the bladder. It is very common for the normal saline to come back out as bright red blood at first. Eventually, the normal saline will run clear and the irrigation can be discontinued soon after. I have not seen many complications but as with any procedure there is a risk of infection. A rupture would also be possible if the output port was clogged and fluid continued to run in. Electrolyte imbalances would be possible as well. This is an impatient procedure so just being in the hospital has its own set of risks.

As Kidneys are the Purifying organs in Humans, it receieves blood from the Renal Vein and purifies the blood, the waste material in blood and water is filtered in the kidneys and that's how it produces Urine.

The process of urine production is complex. The kidneys are composed of units, Nephrons. Each kidney has about 1 million nephrons. Blood is filtered at the begginning of the nephron, and urine leaves the other end of a nephron in a collecting duct. Collecting ducts drain into Calxyes, renal pelvis, into the ureter (tube from the kidney) and finally into the bladder, where urine is stored until it is excreted, an adult male bladder can hold upto 7L of urine.

Everything in blood smaller than a protein molecule is absorded (e.g. glucose, Na+, Ca2+, other minerals and vitamins), during infection of the kidneys or severe illness protein may leak into the nephron and will be excreted into the urine as it cannot be reabsorbed into the blood.

Much of what is absorbed from the blood is returned from the nephron to the blood stream (it is reabsorbed).

The design of the nephron allows blood volume, Na+ concentration, K+ concentration, pH and other factors to be controlled.

glucosuria

The liver mostly produces enzymes that breaks down different things in the body. The large intestine is a pathway into which excrements DO travel but are not a part of the action of excretion. The large intestine can be argued as an excretional organ though.

From my experience, traces of protein in the urine can be considered normal. If you have concerns with protein in the urine, a dipstick urinalysis can be easily performed in the comforts of your own home. Test your urine each time you go to the restroom. If you have a trace of protein on 2 or more occasions in the same day, it make be worth asking your doctor about. Normal urine contains some protein, but when the protein level consistantly becomes above trace amounts, there could be an underlying kidney problem that should be addressed. Protein in urine can also be the result of excercise, emotional stress, cold or heat exposure, or fever.

inflammation of the prostate gland in men (prostatitis) enlargement of the prostate gland (benign prostatic hypertrophy) bladder or pelvic tumors

Reflex arc for micturition invovles the sensory input (the afferent neruon) to the spinal cord consisting of the stretch receptors located on the urinary bladder and the efferent neurons consisting of the parasympathetic (usually pelvic splanchincs). The pelvic splanchnic cause the detrusor muscle to contract. The reflex arc also contains an efferent somatic (pudendal nerve) output to the external sphincter which relaxes the external sphinctor and causes the urine to flow through the urethra.

Again, this is a VERY broad overall gist of what goes on - there are a LOT of other factors that controls micturition such as the sympathetic control and the central nervous sytem (voluntary control). The reflex arc can be inhibited by a variety of factors and can also be initiated also under the central nervous control- the cortex and the brainstem.

hope this helps.

It should be noted that the reflex arc is at the S3, S4 and S5 spinal cord level. This is also the level where the pelvic splanchnic nerves come out the ventral primary rami to innervate the bladder.

Potassiun ions.

Hydrogen ions.

Ammonium ions.

The female and male urethra function in the same way for urinary elimination. The female urethra is shorter in length than a male's, with the female urethra approximately 1 1/2 inches long and the male urethra approximately 8 inches long. Therefore, females can be more vulnerable to urinary tract and bladder infections since the pathway for germs from outside the body is shorter in females. Both males and females have sphincter muscles at the base of the bladder that control the release of the urine from the bladder to the urethra.

In males, the urethra also functions as a tube for the release of semen in ejaculation. Their urethras intersect with the vas deferens, the tube that moves semen from the reproductive organs, at the area of the prostate gland. A valve at the base of the urethra directs the flow of either urine or semen through the urethral tube.

Bring a sleeping bag and some plastic to line it with. Also bring a change of clothes. This way you can pretend like nothing happened until you get home. or you could get some diapers to put on under your PJs and when you wet them no one will know and no one will see them
well you take a rag with soap and wipe it until the yellow comes out then u spray it with air freshener

When arterial blood pressure drops and/or when the NaCl level of the filtrate is low.

Yes males can receive UTI's, they are known as Protsitis.

Bacteria reaches the prostate gland causing swelling, infection may spread downwards towards the testes causing pain and swelling. OR when and infection occurs in the kidney due to blocked urine flow. But this can be easily cured by some antibiotics or diuretic and anti-inflammatory pill. And you should obey the diet principle and avoid spicy food...